民国时期水旱灾害与河南乡村社会

发布时间：2018-03-17 11:02

本文选题：民国时期　切入点：河南　出处：《复旦大学》2003年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 河南是中华民族的发祥地之一，地处中原腹心，地理位置重要。河南省的大部分地区自古至今都是我国主要的农业区，以洛阳为中心的大河南北地区是中国黄河流域农业文明的起源地。由于本地区开发早，开发程度深，在十世纪以后，平原的生态环境发生逐渐恶化的趋势，且越往后越严重，以致到了近代成为水旱等灾害频发的地区。河南的产业单一，农业是农村的支柱产业，农村副业不发达。民国时期，河南灾害更加严重，对河南乡村社会产生了广泛而深远的影响。本文从三个方面分析民国时期河南水旱灾害，包括水旱灾害概况，灾害的应对机制以及灾害对河南乡村社会经济产生的影响。民国时期河南水旱灾害都是比较严重的，，面对灾害的严重情况，中央政府和地方都采取了不同程度的应对措施。灾害给河南乡村带来了巨大的损害，灾害时期之乡村民生更是令人不忍卒读，不仅造成了大量的人口死亡，被迫背井离乡的灾民数量更是无法估计，结果形成一浪又一浪的流民潮，给社会带来了严重的影响。由于农业是河南的支柱产业，所以受灾害的打击就更加严重，灾害不仅造成大量的农田荒芜，而且也对乡村的租佃关系等产生了一定的影响。水旱灾害的发生破坏了当地的生态环境，灾民为了苟延残喘，更加不惜一切代价地向本已脆弱的生态环境恶性索取，加剧了生态环境的恶化。水旱灾害有时是难以避免的，但是，如果人们平时注意保护生态环境，减少那些为了一些蝇头小利的短见行为，这在一定程度上就抑制了灾害的发生。
[Abstract]:Henan is one of the birthplaces of the Chinese nation. It is located in the heart of the Central Plains, and its geographical location is important. Most of Henan Province has been the main agricultural region of our country since ancient times. The north and south region of Dahe River, centered in Luoyang, is the origin of agricultural civilization in the Yellow River basin of China. Due to the early development and deep development in this area, after 10th century, the ecological environment of the plain gradually deteriorated and became more and more serious. As a result, in modern times, it has become a region with frequent disasters, such as floods and droughts. Henan has a single industry, agriculture is the pillar industry in the countryside, and the rural sideline is underdeveloped. During the Republic of China, the disasters in Henan became even more serious. It has a wide and profound influence on Henan rural society. This paper analyzes the flood and drought disasters in Henan Province during the Republic of China period, including the general situation of flood and drought disasters, the disaster response mechanism and the impact of disasters on rural economy in Henan Province. The flood and drought disasters in Henan Province during the period of the Republic of China are relatively serious. In the face of the serious situation of the disaster, the central government and the local authorities have taken various measures to deal with it. The disaster has caused great damage to the villages in Henan Province, and the people's livelihood in the villages during the disaster period is even more unbearable to read. Not only has it caused a large number of people to die, but the number of victims who have been forced to leave their homes is even more incalculable. As a result, waves of displaced people have been created, which has had a serious impact on society. Since agriculture is a pillar industry in Henan, The disaster not only caused a lot of farmland desolation, but also had a certain impact on the rural tenancy relationship. The occurrence of flood and drought disasters has damaged the local ecological environment. In order to survive and survive, the victims of flood and drought have made a vicious claim to the already fragile ecological environment at all costs, which has aggravated the deterioration of the ecological environment. Sometimes floods and droughts are unavoidable. However, if people usually pay attention to protecting the ecological environment and reducing the short-sighted behavior for the sake of some small profits, this will, to some extent, restrain the occurrence of disasters.
【学位授予单位】：复旦大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2003
【分类号】：K258;K29

【引证文献】