水利灌区管理体制的形成及其演变——以浙南丽水通济堰为例

发布时间：2018-04-11 12:40

本文选题：水利灌区 + 水利管理体制　；参考：《中国经济史研究》2013年01期

【摘要】：通济堰灌区位于今浙江丽水市境内的碧湖盆地。由于灌溉用水分配、堰坝及其支渠维修、水利事务管理及运作等需要,灌区形成了系统的管理体制:(1)至迟至南宋初期,灌区依据户等高下和田亩多寡形成堰首—上田户—甲头—(?)头—叶穴头等以地主阶层为首的管理形态,其中赤历、堰簿的使用,可能借用了官府户籍赋役系统的某些渠道,但并未与赋役体系融汇,而保持相对独立的状态。(2)明代,灌区的管理体制表现为堰长—总正—公正制,其基础则是官府的里甲赋役系统。此种体制之形成,与地主、田户离土城居而导致灌区领导权的空缺密不可分。灌区管理体制受赋役体系影响的趋势明显加强。(3)清代以降,随着赋役制度的变革和"乡绅群体"的形成,灌区确立以"乡绅"为主体的总理、董事制。"乡绅"凭藉自身地位及官府之授权,介入"水利"事务,并通过水利秩序之建立与维系,重构地方秩序,突显自身在地方社会中的权威。通济堰灌区管理体制的形成及其演变,受到王朝国家的地方控制方式特别是赋役制度、当地土地占有方式、地方社会的内在脉络等诸种因素的影响或制约,是诸种因素共同作用的结果。
[Abstract]:Tongji Weir Irrigation area is located in today's Lishui City, Zhejiang Province, the Bihu Basin.Due to the need of irrigation water distribution, the maintenance of Weir and dam and its branches and canals, and the management and operation of water conservancy affairs, the irrigation district formed a systematic management system: 1) up to the early Southern Song Dynasty at the latest.The irrigation district forms the Weir head-Shangtian household-A head-a head of water according to the number of mu and the number of mu in the household.Tou-Ye Cave head is the management form headed by the landlord class, in which the use of the Chili and the Weir may have borrowed some channels from the official household registration and servitude system, but they did not merge with the tax service system, but kept a relatively independent state.) in the Ming Dynasty,The management system of irrigation district is the system of Weir length-total justice-justice, and its foundation is the system of duty system of the government.The formation of this system is closely related to the lack of leadership by landlords and field households.The trend that the administrative system of irrigation district was influenced by the system of taxation was obviously strengthened. (3) in the Qing Dynasty, with the reform of the system of taxation and the formation of the "squire group", the irrigation district established the system of prime minister and director with "squire" as the main body. "By virtue of their own status and the authorization of the government, the squire "intervened in the" water conservancy "affairs, and through the establishment and maintenance of the water conservancy order, it reconstructed the local order and highlighted its authority in the local society.The formation and evolution of the management system in Tongjiyan Irrigation area are influenced or restricted by the local control system, especially the servitude system, the local land tenure mode, the internal context of the local society, and so on.It is the result of the combined action of various factors.
【作者单位】：厦门大学历史系;
【分类号】：K29;F329

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