侗族的农耕祭祀与节日民俗

发布时间：2018-04-26 14:32

本文选题：侗族 + 农耕祭祀　；参考：《安徽农业科学》2010年13期

【摘要】：稻作农业的周期性特点及其对节令、历法的要求,使侗族产生了对应于农事生产各阶段、各环节的神灵祭祀习俗,以此来祈求丰收、报告收成和表达感激之情,而年节、春祈、秋报因为在农业生产中有着特殊意义,而被赋予更多的社会生活内涵,演化成农事节日。围绕着农业活动和生产习俗,侗族形成了富有地方特色的农耕祭祀与节日民俗。笔者介绍了侗族人民包括社节、下田节、清明节、开秧节、祭牛节、吃新节、祈雨节和春节在内的农事祭祀活动,综述了对土地崇拜的信仰及节日祭祀、祖先祭祀和谷神祭祀是侗族农耕祭祀活动的主要内容。阐明祭祀是在不断重复、反复操作的过程中形成的一种生产民俗,是人们在反复实践后的习俗惯制,在农业祭祀活动中相应产生的禁忌民俗则是人们因为经验与知识的缺乏,无力改变荒年及晴雨丰歉的现实而依靠巫术希望求得丰收的结果。笔者认为,尽管侗族传统社会已经发生了巨大地改变,但出于对农业和土地的依赖,农业祭祀活动仍将在侗族人们的生活中继续存在。
[Abstract]:The periodic characteristics of rice farming and its demands on seasons and calendars make the Dong people have the custom of offering sacrifices to gods corresponding to all stages and links of agricultural production, in order to pray for a good harvest, to report the harvest and to express their gratitude, and to pray for the Spring Festival and the Spring Festival. Because of its special significance in agricultural production, Qiu Bao was endowed with more connotation of social life and evolved into an agricultural festival. Around the agricultural activities and production customs, the Dong nationality formed the local characteristics of farming sacrifice and festival folk customs. In this paper, the authors introduce the activities of offering sacrifices to the Dong people, including the Social Festival, Xiada Festival, Ching Ming Festival, Seedling opening Festival, cattle Festival, eating New Festival, Rain praying Festival and Spring Festival, and summarizes the belief in land worship and the festival sacrifices. Ancestor sacrifice and cereal god sacrifice are the main contents of Dong nationality farming sacrifice. It is explained that sacrifice is a kind of production folklore formed in the process of repeated and repeated operation, and it is the custom customary system of people after repeated practice, and the taboo folklore that comes into being in the activities of agricultural sacrifice is the lack of experience and knowledge. Unable to change the reality of famine and rainy days, relying on witchcraft to achieve harvest results. The author thinks that although the traditional society of Dong nationality has changed greatly, due to its dependence on agriculture and land, the activities of agricultural sacrifice will continue to exist in the life of Dong people.
【作者单位】：贵州师范大学;
【基金】：2009年贵州省哲学社会规划青年课题“传统与现代的交织:贵州侗族传统村落民俗文化研究”子课题(09GHQN014)
【分类号】：K892.3

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