南浔社会的近代变迁（1840-1937）

发布时间：2018-05-03 11:08

本文选题：南浔 + 会的　；参考：《浙江大学》2006年博士论文

【摘要】：本文以浙江省北部杭嘉湖平原上的一个市镇区域——南浔为研究对象,以太湖流域的自然开发与人文发展为背景,以近代以来蚕桑业的盛衰变迁为线索,描述了这一特定地域近一个世纪的社会变迁过程,分析了蚕桑业盛衰变迁的内外因素,以及由蚕桑业盛衰而引发的南浔丝商群体亦步亦趋的盛衰过程,进而讨论了社会经济文化各领域的近代变迁。文章分三个阶段,即鸦片战争前、鸦片战争后至19世纪末、19世纪末至1937年对南浔的蚕桑业发展及市镇经济分别予以论述。鸦片战争前,中国蚕桑业发展基本以内需为主;鸦片战争后至19世纪末,内外销各占一半的阶段;19世纪末叶起,外销占更大比例的阶段。南浔镇的经济从19世纪末年以来一直处于持续发展的过程中,到20世纪20—30年代之间——尤以20年代为中心——达到顶峰。传统农村专业经济在新国际贸易形势下持续发展,为南浔带来了空前的繁荣。当传统手工业因近代机器生产竞争失败后,旋即兴起的各种替代型“新”家庭手工业,暂时弥补了传统生产衰败所带来的损失,由于它们具有与国际贸易联系紧密的特点,故而能极迅速地发展起来,从而造成当地市镇的繁荣。但也因与国际贸易联系的紧密,也会因国际市场的变动而迅速走向衰微。在这一过程中,有几点颇为引人注目: 首先,导致南浔经济持续繁荣的推动力更多的是来自国际市场对生丝的需求,五口通商及上海的崛起,使得这种需求更直接地作用于该地域,促使其持续发展。其次,就内部动因而言,对辑里丝进行的重大改良发生于19世纪70年代,即将辑里丝纺成辑里干经,这一改良过程还是被动的,并非主动。伴随着机器缫丝业兴起,最终沦落为原材料——蚕茧的生产地。再者,在中国延续了数千年的以家庭为基础的个体经营生产方式。无论是前近代耕织结合的农业经济,还是近代南浔传统缫丝业被破坏后,随后在农村地域兴起的种种加工业,无不以家庭为生产经营的最基本单位,这一生产方式自始至终未发生任何的改变。由此可以看出,以市镇为代表的农村经济在面对近代工业为代表的西方文明时,更多表现出的是其“被动”适应的过程,无论是生产还是经营方式,而传统的小农社会的个体经营方式更是亘古未变;通过主动性的改良,进而促使商品以及生产经营方式更趋现代因素的事件极少发生。
[Abstract]:This paper takes Nanxun, a town area in Hangzhou Lake Plain in the north of Zhejiang Province, as the research object, takes the natural and human development of Taihu Lake Basin as the background, and takes the vicissitudes of sericulture industry since modern times as the clue. This paper describes the process of social change in this particular region for nearly a century, analyzes the internal and external factors of the vicissitudes of sericulture, and the rise and fall process of silk merchants in Nanxun caused by the rise and fall of sericulture. Then it discusses the modern changes in various fields of social economy and culture. This article is divided into three stages: before the Opium War, from the end of the 19th century to the end of the 19th century and from the end of the 19th century to 1937, the development of sericulture and the town economy in Nanxun were discussed respectively. Before the Opium War, the development of China's sericulture industry basically focused on domestic demand; from the end of the Opium War to the end of the 19th century, domestic and foreign sales accounted for half of the period, and export accounted for a larger proportion of the stage from the end of the 19th century to the end of the 19th century. Nanxun's economy has been in the process of continuous development since the end of the 19th century, and reached its peak in the 1920s and 1930s, especially in the 1920s. The sustainable development of traditional rural specialized economy in the new international trade situation has brought unprecedented prosperity to Nanxun. When the traditional handicraft industry failed because of the failure of modern machine production competition, a variety of alternative "new" household handicrafts were immediately emerging, temporarily making up for the losses caused by the decline of traditional production, because of their close ties with international trade. As a result, it developed very rapidly, resulting in the prosperity of the local towns. But also because of the close relationship with the international trade, also because of the changes in the international market and rapid decline. In the process, there are several striking points: First of all, the driving force of Nanxun economic prosperity is more from the international market demand for raw silk, five ports of commerce and the rise of Shanghai, making this demand more directly to the region, promote its sustainable development. Secondly, as far as internal motivation is concerned, the major improvement of the repertoire occurred in the 1870s, that is, spinning it into a series of dry scriptures, which is a passive process, not an active one. With the rise of machine silk reeling industry, it was eventually reduced to the raw material-cocoon production. Moreover, the family-based self-employed mode of production continues in China for thousands of years. Whether it was the agricultural economy of the combination of farming and weaving in the former modern times or the traditional silk reeling industry in Nanxun after its destruction, all the processing industries that subsequently rose in rural areas took the family as the most basic unit of production and management. This mode of production has not changed at all. From this, it can be seen that the rural economy represented by towns and cities, when facing the western civilization represented by modern industry, more shows the process of its "passive" adaptation, whether it is the production or the mode of operation. The traditional individual management mode of small peasant society is everlasting; through the improvement of initiative, the events that promote the commodity and the way of production and management become more modern are rare.
【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2006
【分类号】：K29

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