清朝至民国新疆禁毒研究

发布时间：2018-05-12 14:48

本文选题：清朝 + 民国　；参考：《新疆大学》2004年硕士论文

【摘要】：当前，毒品已成为全球性社会公害，严重威胁着人类的健康与社会安定。近年来，毒品问题在我国死灰复燃并有发展趋势，已引起社会的广泛关注。因此，消除毒害，净化社会及人们的心灵已成为保持新疆社会稳定的一项重要任务。要解决现实问题，必然应对过去的历史经验教训进行总结。为此，本文选择了清朝至民国时期新疆的禁毒问题作为研究对象，以期通过对过去历史的总结，为今天的禁毒工作提供一定的参考。本文旨在对清朝至民国时期发生在新疆的三次大规模的禁毒运动进行全面系统的研究。全文以时间为序，共分为四个部分。第一部分“新疆第一次禁烟运动”。主要探讨了清代道光年间新疆鸦片的来源，新疆地方政府遵照中央命令而在新疆实施禁烟的概况，最后评述了这次禁毒运动取得的成效。第二部分“清末民初新疆第二次禁毒运动”。针对因第一次禁烟的不彻底而造成的光绪年间鸦片又一次泛滥的现象，分析阐述清末新疆的第二次禁烟运动产生的原因；总结了清末新疆地方政府根据新疆的实际情况采取的禁毒措施，这些措施主要集中于四个方面：加强宣传、四禁并举、严格执法和堵源截流。清末禁烟措施得当，态度坚决，故禁烟效果也较好。但随着清政府的垮台，鸦片问题恶化，民国初年的杨增新政府为了应付中英会勘烟苗，再度禁毒，他的措施主要是以禁种鸦片为首要，对民众实行严刑峻法和对官员实行有效监督。由于民初的禁毒运动是清末禁毒运动的继续，且也取得了较好的效果，因而这一时期的禁毒运动相对于其它时期来说是比较成功的。第三部分“民国后期新疆的第三次禁毒运动”。着重探讨了盛世才统治时期和张治中治新时期新疆的禁毒情况。由于杨增新统治后期，中英会勘烟苗结束，杨增新暗开烟禁，而其后的金树仁政府也不重视禁毒，以致盛世才统治初期毒焰复炽。出于政治利益和经济利益的考虑，盛世才政府从四个方面（禁毒计划、禁毒组织、禁毒法规、禁毒措施）进行了一次大规模的禁毒活动，取得了一定的成效。但在盛世才离开新疆后，禁毒活动也流于形式。张治中担任新疆省主席期间，，亦提出根除鸦片毒害，并进行了一次小规模的禁毒活 WP=3 动，这次禁毒只局限于当时的首府城市迪化，因而其禁毒效果也极为有限。本文的结语部分对新疆历史上的三次禁烟运动进行回顾，分析其成败得失，并总结了历次禁毒的经验和教训。清朝至民国时期，新疆虽然跨越了两个不同的时代，但就禁毒与反禁毒情况而言却是一脉相承的，从清朝至民国的禁毒情况来看，禁毒是一个长期而又反复的过程，也是一个涉及到国家政策、官员素质、经济发展、民众素质等各方面的综合工程。因此，时至今日，我们仍然可以说：新疆的禁毒工作，任重而道远。
[Abstract]:At present, drugs have become a global social hazard, seriously threatening human health and social stability. In recent years, the drug problem in our country has a resurgence and development trend, has caused widespread concern in society. Therefore, eliminating poison and purifying people's mind has become an important task to maintain social stability in Xinjiang. In order to solve practical problems, we must sum up the historical experiences and lessons of the past. Therefore, this paper chooses the anti-drug problem in Xinjiang from the Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China as the research object, in order to provide a certain reference for today's anti-drug work through the summary of the past history. The purpose of this paper is to conduct a comprehensive and systematic study on three large-scale anti-drug campaigns in Xinjiang from the Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China. This paper is divided into four parts in order of time. The first part is the first anti-smoking movement in Xinjiang. This paper mainly discusses the origin of opium in Daoguang period of Qing Dynasty, the general situation of Xinjiang local government enforcing smoking ban in Xinjiang in accordance with the order of the central government, and finally comments on the effect of this anti-drug campaign. The second part is the second anti-drug movement in Xinjiang in late Qing Dynasty and early Republic of China. In view of the phenomenon of opium once again overflowing in the Guang Xu period caused by the incomplete first ban on smoking, this paper analyzes the causes of the second anti-smoking movement in Xinjiang in the late Qing Dynasty. This paper summarizes the anti-drug measures taken by the local government of Xinjiang in the end of Qing Dynasty according to the actual situation in Xinjiang. These measures mainly focus on four aspects: strengthening propaganda, enforcing the law strictly and blocking the source and stopping the flow. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, smoking control measures were appropriate and resolute, so the effect of smoking prohibition was good. However, with the fall of the Qing government and the worsening of the opium problem, in the early years of the Republic of China, Yang Zengxin's government, in order to cope with the Sino-British association for tobacco prospecting and to crack down on drugs again, mainly took the ban on opium cultivation as the primary measure. Severe punishment of the people and effective supervision of officials. Because the anti-drug campaign in the early Republic of China was a continuation of the anti-drug movement in the late Qing Dynasty and achieved good results, the anti-drug campaign in this period was relatively successful compared with other periods. The third part is the third anti-drug movement in Xinjiang in the late Republic of China. This paper mainly discusses the situation of drug control in Xinjiang during Sheng Shicai's reign and Zhang Zhizhong's new period. In the late period of Yang Zengxin's reign, the Chinese and British societies ended the smoke prospecting, Yang Zengxin was banned from smoking, and the later Jin Shuren government did not attach importance to drug control, so the poison flaming again in the early days of Sheng Shicai's rule. Due to the consideration of political and economic interests, Sheng Shicai's government carried out a large-scale anti-drug campaign from four aspects (anti-drug plan, anti-drug organization, anti-drug laws and regulations, anti-drug measures) and achieved certain results. But after Sheng Shicai left Xinjiang, drug-control activities also became a mere formality. During his tenure as chairman of Xinjiang Province, Zhang Zhizhong also proposed to eradicate opium poisoning and carried out a small-scale anti-drug campaign. WP=3 This drug-control is limited to the capital of the city deification, so its drug-control effect is very limited. The conclusion of this paper reviews the three anti-smoking movements in Xinjiang's history, analyzes their successes and failures, and summarizes the experiences and lessons of drug control. During the period from the Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China, Xinjiang crossed two different times, but in terms of the situation of drug control and anti-drug control, it was in the same vein. From the perspective of the anti-drug situation from the Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China, drug control was a long-term and repeated process. It is also a comprehensive project involving national policy, official quality, economic development, public quality and so on. Therefore, to this day, we can still say: Xinjiang's drug-control work, heavy and long way.
【学位授予单位】：新疆大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2004
【分类号】：K294

【引证文献】