民国时期的云南马帮驿运

发布时间：2018-05-14 20:07

本文选题：云南马帮 + 驿运　；参考：《四川大学》2004年硕士论文

【摘要】：云南地处祖国西南，由于山高谷深而路桥难通、河流湍急而不利水运的地理环境，使马帮驿运成为民国时期云南的主要运输方式。由“马锅头”和“马脚子”组成的马帮在长期的营运过程中，逐渐确立了相对固定的运输线路，几乎涵盖了云南全省和与云南有经济交往的内地各省区及周边国家，并形成了自身特定的马帮文化，包括马帮的组织形式、不成文的行规等。在特殊的地理、历史、经济条件下，民国时期以回族和纳西族为代表的云南少数民族商帮的兴起、发展、繁荣及其聚居区经济的发展与马帮驿运有着密切的联系。不少少数民族商帮就是靠着马帮运输发展起来的，，同时少数民族商帮的兴起和发展、少数民族地区经济的发展反过来又促进了马帮驿运业的发展。抗战爆发后，云南日益成为中国对外进出口的交通要道，在机力运输严重不足的情况下，驿运日益显示其“持续不断”的运输效能。在国民政府的倡导和云南地方政府的主持下，云南官办驿运得以恢复，与其他现代运输方式一起承担国际援华战略物资和省内省际客货运输的重任，发挥了重要的后勤保障作用。民国时期云南马帮驿运的发展还带动了养马、马栈、马具制造等相关行业的发展。同时，马帮通行各地，不仅转运各类货物，而且为落后的边远山区和边境地区送去了商品和市场观念。同时由于沿线要经过彝、白、纳西、藏、哈尼、傣等少数民族聚居区，从而加强了各民族间的相互交流和了解，特别是沿茶马古道展开的，以马帮贩运为主的滇藏贸易，不仅在一定程度上满足了藏区人民对普洱茶及其他生活用品的需要，而且维系了民国年间内地与西藏之间为数不多的经济联系。
[Abstract]:Yunnan is located in the southwest of the motherland, because the mountain is high and the valley is deep and the road and bridge are difficult to pass, and the rivers are swift and unfavorable to water transportation, which makes the Ma Gang post transportation become the main transportation mode of Yunnan in the period of the Republic of China. Over a long period of time, the Ma Gang, composed of "Ma Guotou" and "Ma Jizi", gradually established relatively fixed transportation lines, almost covering the whole province of Yunnan, the mainland provinces and regions with economic contacts with Yunnan and the surrounding countries. And formed its own specific horse culture, including the organization of horse, unwritten rules and so on. Under the special geographical, historical and economic conditions, the rise, development, prosperity and economic development of Yunnan ethnic groups represented by Hui and Naxi in the period of the Republic of China are closely related to Ma Gang's post transportation. Quite a few minority business groups have developed by means of horse caravan transportation. At the same time, the rise and development of minority business groups, the economic development of minority areas in turn has promoted the development of Ma Gang post transportation industry. Since the outbreak of the War of Resistance against Japan, Yunnan has increasingly become the main point of transportation for China's import and export to the outside world. With the serious shortage of air transportation, the post transportation increasingly shows its "continuous" transport efficiency. At the initiative of the National Government and under the auspices of the local government of Yunnan, the official post transportation of Yunnan was restored and, together with other modern transportation modes, it took on the important task of international strategic goods for China and inter-provincial passenger and freight transportation. Played an important role in logistics support. During the period of the Republic of China, the development of Yunnan horse gang post transportation also led to the development of horse raising, horse house, horse harness manufacturing and other related industries. At the same time, it not only transports all kinds of goods, but also sends goods and market ideas to the backward remote mountainous areas and border areas. At the same time, as the route has to pass through areas inhabited by ethnic minorities such as Yi, Bai, Naxi, Tibet, Hani, Dai and so on, exchanges and understanding among different ethnic groups have been strengthened, especially the Yunnan-Tibetan trade along the ancient Cha Ma Road, which is mainly trafficking by horse gangs. It not only met the needs of the Tibetan people for Pu'er tea and other daily necessities to some extent, but also maintained the few economic ties between the mainland and Tibet during the Republic of China.
【学位授予单位】：四川大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2004
【分类号】：K29

【引证文献】