苗人、巫蛊：对于他者的想象和指控

发布时间：2018-05-18 09:29

本文选题：苗族 + 蛊　；参考：《中央民族大学》2005年硕士论文

【摘要】：蛊是古代传说中把许多毒虫放在器皿里使相互吞食,最后剩下不死的毒虫叫蛊,用来放在食物中害人。尽管人们往往想象苗人放蛊,但是在汉人社会中有关放蛊的巫术想象和指控的历史更为悠久。汉人的巫蛊观念是基于对疾病原因的想象和对巫术行为的想象而衍生出的混合产品。明清时期,大量的汉人移民进入西南地区。在他们周围是不熟悉的自然环境和敌对的少数民族。新环境里遭受的许多疾病在中医里被诊断为蛊疾。汉人移民对周围的各种潜在危险感到不安和忧虑。汉人开始想象南方的少数民族使用蛊毒来毒害他们的,并对此保持警惕。明清以来,苗汉矛盾加剧,苗人不断地爆发起义。由于苗汉之间有显著差异的社会结构、文化实践和文化观念以及双方维持显著民族边界的愿望造成了汉人对苗人的巫蛊想象。特别是想象苗人妇女放蛊。这种想象借助疾病、谣言以及文化产品使汉人对苗人感到恐惧。苗人社会内部也同样存在着对于特定人群的类似的想象和指控。没有证据表明苗人的这种巫蛊观念是原生的。相反,它们可能是在苗汉文化交流中汉人巫蛊观念传入的结果。苗人社会用强烈的鬼神观念内化汉人巫蛊观念的结果。苗人社会由于巫蛊信仰的存在形成了对于所谓有“蛊”人家的心照不宣的排斥和封锁。有“蛊”的人被其他人认为是不洁净的、危险的,应当加以警惕并与之保持距离。特别是在婚姻中人们尽量避免与有“蛊”的人家开亲。对祖先的崇敬和现实的压力迫使这种婚姻禁忌一直长期存在。不仅汉人社会利用巫蛊对苗人进行巫术想象和指控,其他一些少数民族也对苗人进行类似的想象和指控。而在苗人社会内部,人们又对那些房族小、社会关系差人缘不好、迁居却不能融入当地社会的少数人进行想象和指控。巫蛊是一种对于他者的巫术想象和恶意指控,人们通过这种想象和指控力图构建和改变一定的社会关系和权利关系。
[Abstract]:The ancient legend put many venomous insects in utensils to devour each other, and the last undead venomous insects were called vu, which were used in food to harm people. Although people often imagine Miao people playing tricks, there is a longer history of witchcraft and accusations of witchcraft in Han Chinese society. Han people's idea of witchcraft is based on the imagination of disease cause and witchcraft behavior. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, a large number of Han immigrants entered southwest China. They are surrounded by unfamiliar natural environments and hostile minorities. Many of the diseases suffered in the new environment have been diagnosed in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Han Chinese immigrants felt uneasy and worried about the potential dangers around them. Han people began to imagine and watch out for the use of poison by ethnic minorities in the south. Since the Ming and Qing dynasties, Miao Han contradictions intensified, Miao people continued to erupt intifada. Due to the social structure, cultural practice and cultural concept, and the desire of both sides to maintain the distinct national boundary, the Han people's imagination of witchcraft against the Miao people is caused by the remarkable differences between them. Especially imagine Miao women playing a trick. This imagination uses disease, rumors and cultural products to make Han people fearful of Miao people. Miao people also exist within the society for specific groups of similar imagination and accusation. There is no evidence that the Miao people's idea of witchcraft is primitive. On the contrary, they may be the result of the introduction of the idea of witchcraft in Miao-Han cultural exchange. The result of the Miao people's society internalizing the Han people's idea of witchcraft and witchcraft with a strong concept of ghosts and gods. Because of the existence of witchcraft belief, Miao people's society had tacitly repelled and blockaded the so-called "Gu" people. A person who has a "goon" is considered unclean and dangerous by others, and should be vigilant and keep a distance from it. Especially in marriage, people try to avoid with people with the "Gu" family. Reverence for ancestors and realistic pressure have forced such marital taboos to persist for a long time. Not only did the Han people use witchcraft to imagine and accuse the Miao people, but also some other minority nationalities made similar imaginations and accusations against the Miao people. In the Miao people's society, people imagine and accuse a few people who are small in houses, poor in social relations, but unable to integrate into the local society. Witchcraft is a kind of witchcraft imagination and malicious accusation against others, through which people try to construct and change certain social relations and power relations.
【学位授予单位】：中央民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2005
【分类号】：K281.6

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