民国以前岳阳地区的灾荒研究

发布时间：2018-05-21 19:33

本文选题：民国以前 + 岳阳地区　；参考：《湖南科技大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着近年来自然灾害的频发，灾荒史的研究越来越引起人们的重视。民国以前岳阳地区经济较发达，地理位置优越，交通便利，对该地区灾荒的研究有一定的代表性，因此本人选取民国以前岳阳地区的灾荒作为研究对象。一是丰富灾荒史研究的内容；二是为今天的防灾救灾提供些许借鉴，以适应时代的需求。本文在系统搜集整理民国以前岳阳地区灾荒史料的基础上，详细论述了民国以前岳阳地区的水灾、旱灾、虫灾、风灾、雹灾、疫灾、地震等灾害。对各种灾害的特点、灾况、影响分别章节做了研究，其中以水旱两灾对岳阳地区的危害最大。该地区频发的自然灾害与岳阳特殊的自然地理条件是分不开的，但各种人为因素如：人口的大量增加、围湖垦田、生态环境的破坏以及灾荒期间官吏的贪污腐败、战争等因素使灾荒的危害更甚。为最大限度的减少灾害的影响，政府采取了一系列减灾防灾的措施，如储谷备荒、兴修水利、禁止围垸，希望能够防患于未然，但由于操作过程中存在着弊病，导致防灾效果不尽如人意。灾害发生后，政府和民间积极采取赈灾救灾措施，主要有朝赈、官赈、民赈等形式，在救灾措施上以急赈、赈贷、工赈、平粜为主，民间也采取祈神免灾的措施，寄希望于神灵的保佑。以上赈灾措施对减轻灾害的危害，拯救灾民起了一定的作用，但由于吏治腐败、劣绅奸商中饱私囊及巫术救灾的愚昧，更加深了灾害的烈度。回顾历史上的灾荒，，能更好的指导今天的防灾救灾工作。我们应以史为鉴，以人为本，充分调动人民的积极主动性，科学防灾，及时救灾，从而促进社会和谐发展。
[Abstract]:With the frequent occurrence of natural disasters in recent years, people pay more and more attention to the study of famine history. Before the Republic of China, Yueyang area had developed economy, superior geographical location and convenient transportation, so I chose the famine of Yueyang area before the Republic of China as the research object. The first is to enrich the contents of the study on the history of famine, the other is to provide some reference for today's disaster prevention and relief in order to meet the needs of the times. On the basis of systematically collecting and sorting out the historical data of the famine in Yueyang area before the Republic of China, this paper discusses in detail the disasters of flood, drought, insect pest, wind disaster, hail disaster, epidemic disaster, earthquake and so on in Yueyang area before the Republic of China. In this paper, the characteristics, condition and influence of various disasters are studied, in which flood and drought disasters are the most harmful to Yueyang area. The frequent natural disasters in this area are inseparable from Yueyang's special physical and geographical conditions. However, various man-made factors such as the massive increase in population, the reclamation of lakes and fields, the destruction of the ecological environment and the corruption of officials during the famine period, Factors such as war have made famine worse. In order to minimize the impact of disasters, the government has taken a series of measures for disaster reduction and prevention, such as the storage of waste grain, the construction of water conservancy, and the prohibition of enclosing embankments in the hope of preventing disasters in the early stages, but due to shortcomings in the operation, The disaster prevention effect is not satisfactory. After the disaster occurred, the government and the people actively adopted disaster relief measures, mainly in the form of Korean relief, official relief, and civilian relief. In disaster relief measures, the relief measures were urgent relief, relief loans, relief for workers, and horizontal relief. The folk also took measures to pray for God to avoid disasters. In the hope of God's blessing. The above disaster relief measures have played a certain role in alleviating the harm of disaster and saving the disaster victims, but because of the corruption of officials, the ignorance of poor gentry profiteering merchants and witchcraft in disaster relief, the intensity of the disaster has been deepened. Review the history of famine, can better guide today's disaster prevention and relief work. We should draw lessons from history, put people first, fully mobilize the active initiative of the people, prevent disaster scientifically and provide disaster in time, so as to promote the harmonious development of society.
【学位授予单位】：湖南科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：X43;K29

【共引文献】