清代长沙城市地位的嬗变

发布时间：2018-05-30 22:28

本文选题：清代 + 长沙　；参考：《四川大学》2007年硕士论文

【摘要】： 长沙是国务院首批公布的历史文化名城之一，具有悠久的历史和灿烂的文化。“长沙”之名始于西周，春秋战国时期，长沙城邑已具雏形，成为楚南重镇。从秦朝开始，历代封建王朝均以长沙作为郡、国、州、府、路、厅治所。清代开始，长沙作为湖南的省会，成长为湖南的政治、经济、文化中心。本论文从考察长沙的自然地理及清代以前长沙城市的变迁入手，对清代长沙政治地位的嬗变、清代长沙经济的发展和清代长沙文化地位的演变进行了重点研究。自然环境及交通条件是一个城市赖以成长和发展的物质基础。长沙自然地理环境优越，物产丰富；水系发达，河湖纵横交错，拥有便捷的水陆交通网络，长沙城市正是在此基础上产生和不断发展起来的。长沙城市的历史发展过程可以分为三个时期：长沙城市的兴起时期(从远古到秦汉)、长沙城市的停滞时期(三国至唐代)、长沙城市的兴盛时期(五代至清朝)。清康熙三年(1664)，湖南正式建省，长沙成为湖南的省会，这对于长沙城市的发展具有重要意义：行政地位进一步提高，城市的政治色彩更为鲜明；长沙作为政治中心地位的确立促进了其经济、文化地位的提升。清后期，湘军集团兴起，对长沙城市产生了一定影响；维新时期长沙成长为中国中部的维新中心，掀起政治改良的高潮；之后，一大批革命者齐聚长沙酝酿武装起义，长沙成为辛亥革命的策源地。晚清长沙政治地位因之进一步提高，其在全国的政治影响力也进一步扩大。清初，长沙经济受战乱破坏极为严重，发展缓慢，到清中期，长沙经济已逐渐恢复并发展、繁荣，传统手工业、商业、金融业有很大发展；清后期，长沙自主开埠，对外贸易进入一个新阶段，长沙发展成为湖南的对外贸易中心，从而确立了其经济中心的地位。两湖分闱带来了长沙科举教育和科举人才的兴盛，长沙在清后期成长为科举重镇。极富地域色彩的湖湘文化在清代辉煌一时，，而湖湘文化的中心在长沙，其学术之正宗在千年学府岳麓书院。清中叶以后，湖湘文化发展到高峰，走向近代化。长沙作为湖湘文化传播的前沿阵地，彰显了其作为湖南文化中心的地位。清代是长沙城市发展史上一个非常重要的时期，研究清代长沙城市地位的嬗变，有助于我们更清楚、更客观地了解清代长沙城市的发展历程，揭示长沙城市发展、演变的趋势和特点。
[Abstract]:Changsha is one of the first historical and cultural cities announced by the State Council, with a long history and splendid culture. The name of Changsha began in the Western Zhou Dynasty. During the Spring and Autumn period and warring States period, Changsha City became the important town in the south of Chu. From the Qin Dynasty, all the feudal dynasties used Changsha as the county, state, government, road and hall. At the beginning of Qing Dynasty, Changsha, as the capital of Hunan, grew into the political, economic and cultural center of Hunan. Based on the investigation of Changsha's natural geography and the changes of Changsha city before Qing Dynasty, this paper focuses on the evolution of Changsha's political status in Qing Dynasty, the development of Changsha's economy in Qing Dynasty and the evolution of Changsha's cultural status in Qing Dynasty. Natural environment and traffic conditions are the material basis of a city's growth and development. Changsha has a superior natural geographical environment and rich products, developed water system, crisscross rivers and lakes, and has a convenient land and water transportation network. The historical development process of Changsha city can be divided into three periods: the rising period of Changsha city (from ancient times to Qin and Han Dynasty), the stagnation period of Changsha city (three Kingdoms to Tang Dynasty) and the prosperous period of Changsha city (five dynasties to Qing Dynasty). In the three years of Kangxi, Hunan formally established a province, Changsha became the capital of Hunan, which is of great significance to the development of Changsha city: the administrative status is further improved, and the political color of the city is more vivid; The establishment of Changsha as a political center promoted the promotion of its economic and cultural status. In the late Qing Dynasty, the rise of the Xiangjun Group had a certain impact on the city of Changsha; during the reform period, Changsha grew into a center of reform in central China, setting off a climax of political improvement; after that, a large number of revolutionaries gathered together to prepare for an armed uprising in Changsha. Changsha became the birthplace of the 1911 Revolution. As a result, Changsha's political status in late Qing Dynasty was further improved, and its political influence in the whole country was further expanded. In the early Qing Dynasty, the economy of Changsha was seriously damaged by the war, and its development was slow. By the middle of the Qing Dynasty, the economy of Changsha had gradually recovered and developed, and the traditional handicraft industry, commerce and financial industry had developed greatly. In the latter part of the Qing Dynasty, Changsha opened its own port on its own. As the foreign trade entered a new stage, Changsha developed into the foreign trade center of Hunan, thus establishing its position as the economic center. The division of the two lakes brought about the prosperity of education and talents of imperial examinations in Changsha, which grew into a major imperial examination town in the late Qing Dynasty. The Huxiang culture, which is rich in regional color, was brilliant in the Qing Dynasty, and the center of Huxiang culture was Changsha, and its academic originality was in Yuelu Academy of the Millennium Academy of Learning. After the middle period of Qing Dynasty, Huxiang culture developed to the peak and moved towards modernization. As the front position of Huxiang culture dissemination, Changsha shows its position as Hunan culture center. The Qing Dynasty is a very important period in the history of Changsha city development. To study the evolution of Changsha city status in Qing Dynasty is helpful for us to understand more clearly and objectively the development course of Changsha city in Qing Dynasty and to reveal the development of Changsha city. Trends and characteristics of evolution
【学位授予单位】：四川大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：K297

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