近代青岛海洋渔业的变迁

发布时间：2018-06-27 00:04

本文选题：近代 + 青岛　；参考：《中国海洋大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：青岛濒临黄海,环绕胶州湾海域,海岸线绵延曲折,沿海岛屿星罗棋布,春季水温上升,冬季下降,又因为潮流的关系,适宜于鱼类的洄游和繁殖,渔业资源非常丰富。青岛渔业历史悠久,从龙山、大汶口文化晚期,渔业就成为人们重要的生产生活资料来源。由于这种优越的自然地理环境,临海居民多以渔业为主,渔业发达。在青岛辟埠之初,辖区内就有160余个渔村,每村渔民占全村人口之半数。青岛的渔业资源丰富,人们在很久以前就开始了渔产品的贸易活动,而渔获物就在当地港口的集市上贸易,这些港口慢慢的发展成了渔业贸易中心,在沿海产地,海产贸易销售的形式多种多样,主要由渔民自销或经鱼商贩销,随着贸易的扩展,出现了在渔民与鱼贩商之间起中介作用的鱼行机构。青岛传统的渔业捕捞所使用的渔船主要有帆船、风船两类,这两类船只都需要借助风力和潮流的推动,受自然因素的影响很大,因船体比较小,势单力薄,经不起远洋风浪,只能在近海作业,且只能捕捞上层鱼类,这些缺陷限制了海洋捕捞的产量,也严重制约着海洋渔业的发展。德国侵占胶澳后,德商文窦林在青岛创办“中国渔业有限公司”,首次在山东沿海使用西洋渔具,用小轮船捕鱼,由于渔船的动力化,为捕捞生产由近岸水域向外海和更远的水域进军提供了可能,经过一系列的改良与革新,青岛海洋渔业的面貌焕然一新,当时使用的机动渔船主要是手操网渔轮。近代渔轮捕捞业的兴起与发展,是传统渔业向近代化渔业转变的一个重要标志。采用渔轮捕鱼,实现了捕捞作业的动力化和机械化,航行不再依靠风力或人力,捕捞范围扩大,渔业生产力和生产效率也随之提高。随着渔业的发展,渔业管理的相关机构也建立起来。这是青岛渔业近代化的关键一步。但是由于种种原因,在民国以后,青岛并没有建立起独立、完备、系统的渔业管理机构,而是隶属其他各部门管理,渔业的方针政策也随机构的变化而几经变动,这些都不利于渔业的发展。 1913年10月,日本汽船拖网株式会社在德国胶澳当局的许可下,派渔轮在胶州湾一带从事捕捞。1914年日军占领青岛后,在青岛设立军政署进行统治。自此之后,日本渔民大量来到青岛。在青岛附近海域,任意捕捞,劫掠黄海各渔场渔业资源,此后,日本当局在青岛设立水产组合,建立鱼市场,控制青岛的渔业生产和销售,使青岛的渔民受到了很大损失。总体看来,青岛海洋渔业走过了一段坎坷的近代化历程,期间由于外力作用的影响,青岛渔业发生了很大的变化,影响青岛渔业发展的主要因素有:捕捞技术的进步,使青岛渔业的捕获量有了很大的提高;渔政机构的设置,对渔业的发展有一定的指导作用;青岛城市工商业的发展对大量劳动力的需求,也促使沿海渔民纷纷放弃渔业而改从其它产业;日本对青岛沿海渔业的掠夺,使沿海渔业经济受损严重。伴随着青岛渔业经济的繁荣和走向近代化,青岛沿海渔村却纷纷呈现衰落的趋势。本文主要研究近代青岛沿海渔业经济变迁的问题,通过分析近代青岛渔业经济的变化,揭示变迁的原因及其发展过程,以吸取青岛渔业经济发展的经验教训,更好的指导未来渔业经济的发展。
[Abstract]:Qingdao is on the verge of the Yellow Sea , surrounding the Bay Sea area , the coastline stretches tortuous , the coastal island Xingao chess cloth , the spring water temperature rises , the winter falls , and because of the trend of the relationship , is suitable for the migratory and reproduction of the fish , the fishery resources are very rich . Because of this excellent natural geographical environment , Linhai residents are mainly fishery main , fishery is developed . In the beginning of the Qingdao open port , there are more than 160 fishing villages , each village fisherman accounts for half of the total village population .

The fishery resources of Qingdao are abundant , and people begin trading activities of fishery products for a long time , and the catch is traded on the market of the local port . These ports are slowly developed into fishery trade centers . In the coastal areas of origin , the sale of seafood trade is diversified , mainly by fishermen ' s self - selling or fish traders marketing . With the expansion of trade , there is a fish line mechanism mediating between the fisherman and the fishmonger .

The fishing vessels used in the traditional fishing industry in Qingdao mainly include sailing vessels and wind boats . Both types of vessels need to be driven by wind power and power flow . Because the hull is small , the potential is thin , the ocean waves cannot be neglected , only the upper layer of fish can be caught in the offshore operation , and these defects limit the output of the marine fishing , and also severely restrict the development of the marine fishery .

With the development of fishing gear , the power and mechanization of fishing operation are realized , and the fishing range is enlarged , and the fishing productivity and production efficiency are increased .

With the development of fishery , the relevant institutions of fishery management have also been established . This is the key step of Qingdao fishery modernization . However , after the Republic of China , since the Republic of China , Qingdao has not established independent , complete and systematic fishery management organization , but it is subordinate to other departments . The policy of fishery is also changed with the changes of the institutions , which are not conducive to the development of fishery .

In October 1913 , under the permission of the German Jiao - Australian authorities , Japan ' s merchant fleet of steam boats dispatched a fishing wheel to operate in the area of Jiao Zhou . After the Japanese occupation of Qingdao in 1914 , Japanese fishermen came to Qingdao . After that , Japanese fishermen came to Qingdao . After that , Japanese authorities established a water - production combination in Qingdao , established fish markets , controlled the fishery production and sales in Qingdao , and caused great losses to the fishermen in Qingdao .

In general , Qingdao ' s marine fishery has gone through a rough and tortuous process . During the period , Qingdao fishery has changed greatly . The main factors that affect the development of Qingdao fishery are : the progress of fishing technology , the development of fishing industry has a certain guiding effect on the development of fishery .
【学位授予单位】：中国海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K295.2;F329

【参考文献】