十九世纪澳门的城市建筑发展

发布时间：2018-07-25 10:06

【摘要】： 本文以十九世纪中葡政府对澳门的政治管制为背景，衬托出这个时代澳门城市建筑发展的起落；再从具体的中西建筑物分析中，将十九世纪澳门城市实貌展示出来。从十九世纪上半処的混合管治到下半処的单一管治，都对当时澳门的城市发展有着重大的影响。经济方面的变化，，对城市建筑发展又有着决定性的作用；政治及经济变化中又引申出人口增减问题，这更是城市建筑要发展不可或缺的元素。地理环境方面，是山多平地少。城市占地自世纪初的约1平方公里，到世纪末增至3.4平方公里，是由于在鸦片战争后的大势中，澳门城市吞并了北部至关闸一带的大片农田及村庄、以及世纪末的填海造地所致。 1849年以前，对澳门的城市建筑管理，是用“禁擅兴筑例”，这条款沿用了235年，也是澳门的城市建筑首例。当时西式建筑都是沿用欧洲流行的风格建造，有新古典主义、折衷主义及浪漫主义等风格；中式则沿用一贯的岭南风格建筑。本文附上望厦香山县丞衙署图及大关图，更考绘了 1800年及1899年澳门城市规模地图等。整个世纪的澳门城市建筑发展是在“修葺期”、“扩展期”及“黄金时代”三阶段所概括。“黄金时代”的四十年中，完善了城市设施、奠定了二十世纪城市建筑发展方向，在后期更出现了中西合璧的建筑。
[Abstract]:Based on the political control of Macao by the Chinese and Portuguese governments in the 19th century, this paper sets off the rise and fall of the development of Macao's urban buildings in this era. Show the city of Macau in the 19th century. From mixed governance in the first half of the nineteenth century to single governance in the second half, it had a significant impact on the urban development of Macau at that time. Economic changes also play a decisive role in the development of urban buildings. In the course of political and economic changes, the question of population increase and decrease is also extended. This is an indispensable element for the development of urban architecture. In terms of geographical environment, there are more mountains and less flat lands. From about 1 square kilometre at the beginning of the century to 3.4 square kilometers at the end of the century, it was due to the trend after the Opium War. Macau's cities have swallowed up vast tracts of farmland and villages from the north to Guanji. And land reclamation at the end of the century. Before 1849, the management of urban buildings in Macao was a "forbidding construction practice". This clause has been in use for 235 years and is the first urban building in Macao. At that time Western-style architecture was built in European fashion, with neo-classicism, eclecticism and romanticism. Chinese style followed the Lingnan style architecture. In this paper, a map of Wangxia Xiangshan County and the map of Daguan are attached, and the maps of the city scale of Macau in 1800 and 1899 are also drawn. The development of Macao urban architecture in the whole century is summarized in three stages: repair period, expansion period and golden period. During the 40 years of the Golden Age, the city facilities were perfected, and the development direction of urban architecture in the 20th century was established.
【学位授予单位】：暨南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2001
【分类号】：K296.59;TU-092

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