明清白鹿洞书院志的修纂研究
发布时间：2018-08-03 21:30
【摘要】：地方志是记载一个地区的博物之书,府有府志、州有州志、县有县志,种类繁多。举凡一地一方之建置沿革、自然地理、经济、军事、文化教育、民风民俗等各方面情况无所不载。志书在体例、体裁、作用和价值等方面与史书有着明显的不同。志书重在经纬结合,在横排门类的基础上纵述历史,因而有了“史体”与“志体”之分。书院志寺庙志、山水志等都属于广义上的地方志,是地方志中的一种专门志,是记载书院历史沿革、自然环境、讲学情况、藏书印书、管理办法、祭祀、学田等书院相关情况的历史典籍。修纂书院志,既要有别于修史书又要有别于修行政区划类的地方志。其体例与大多数行政区划类的旧志类似,以纲目体为主,它的体裁也同样包括了述、记、志、传、图、表、录等。但书院志也有其独特的修纂方法和价值,有必要区别于行政区划类的地方志单独讨论。书院志与行政区划类的地方志最大的区别当在于志书的性质不同,性质不同又使得志书内容的侧重点不同。就地方志的性质而言,清代学者主要存在两种不同的意见。以戴震为代表的一众乾嘉考据学者看来,地方志属地理专书,首重历史沿革;以章学诚为代表的文献派认为,地方志掌地方史,首重保存一方之文献,为国史取材所用。书院志地域较小,功能单一,地理成分较少,似乎更倾向于章学诚的观点。在地方志的修纂理论方面,他所提出的诗文入志的标准,即有补于证史、有裨益于社会风教、有助于保存一方文献等,对于书院志的修纂非常受用。书院志门类设置、人物传的编修原则、篇目结构等方面也都可以以章学诚的方志学理论加以讨论,但需要具体问题具体分析。一直以来,方志学界往往更多地关注于省、府、州、厅、县等行政区划类的地方志,而对于书院志却鲜有涉及。位于江西庐山的白鹿洞书院是中国古代“四大书院”之一,具有中国古代书院的一般特征,且极具代表性。从书院志的修纂情况来看,白鹿洞书院志在历史上曾历经六次重修,付梓再版更是多达十余次,执天下书院之牛耳。流传至今的白鹿洞书院志即多达五种。它们比较完整地记录了白鹿洞书院一千余年的兴衰历史,是难得的专门记载中国古代书院的历史文献。本文主要以白鹿洞书院志为例,运用方志学的理论知识,尤其是以章学诚为代表的清代方志学家提出的方志学理论来讨论白鹿洞书院志的修纂。
[Abstract]:Local chronicles are records of a region of history books, the government has government records, state records, counties have county records, a variety of. Where the establishment of one party history, natural geography, economy, military, culture and education, folk customs and other aspects of the situation. There are obvious differences in style, genre, function and value between annals and historical books. The chronicle combines the longitude and weft and narrates the history on the basis of the cross-row category, so it has the distinction of "historical style" and "Shi style". The history of the academy, the history of the temple, the history of the lecture, the collection of books, the printing of books, the management methods, and the sacrifice are recorded in the history of the academy, the natural environment, the lectures, the collection of books, the printing of books, the management methods, and the sacrifice. Xuetian and other academies related to the history of the book. The compilation of records of academies is not only different from the history books but also from the local records of administrative divisions. Its style is similar to the old records of most administrative divisions and is mainly programmatic. Its genres also include descriptions, notes, chronicles, biographies, charts, tables, records, and so on. However, there are some special methods and values in the compilation of academy records, so it is necessary to discuss them separately from the local records of administrative divisions. The greatest difference between the local chronicles of academy records and administrative divisions lies in the different nature of annals, which makes the content of annals different. In terms of the nature of the local chronicles, scholars in the Qing Dynasty mainly had two different opinions. In the view of many scholars of Qianjia textual research represented by Dai Zhen, the local chronicles belong to geographical special books, with the first emphasis on historical evolution; the literature school represented by Zhang Xuecheng holds that the local chronicles take charge of the local history, and the first emphasis is on preserving the literature of one side, which is used for drawing materials from the national history. With its small geographical area, single function and less geographical composition, the College seems to prefer Zhang Xuecheng's viewpoint. In terms of the compilation theory of local chronicles, he put forward the standard of poetry and writing, that is to say, it can supplement the history of attestation, benefit the social style and education, help to preserve the literature and so on, and it is very useful for the compilation of the records of the academy. The establishment of the chronicles of the academy, the compiling principles of the biography of characters and the structure of the articles can also be discussed by Zhang Xuecheng's theory of local chronology, but the concrete problems need to be analyzed concretely. The local chronicles of provinces, prefectures, prefectures and counties have always been paid more attention to by the local chronicles, but there is little concern about the records of the academies. Bailu Dong Academy, located in Lushan Mountain, Jiangxi Province, is one of the four great academies in ancient China. According to the compilation of the annals of the academy, the Bailu Dong Academy has undergone six reconstructions in history, and more than a dozen copies have been published by Fu Zi. There are as many as five kinds of Bai Lu Dong College Records that have been handed down to this day. They record more than a thousand years of history of rise and fall of Bai Ludong Academy, which is a rare historical document of ancient Chinese academies. This paper mainly takes the annals of Bai Ludong Academy as an example and discusses the compilation of the annals of Bai Ludong Academy by using the theoretical knowledge of Fang Zhi, especially the theory put forward by Fang Zhi of Qing Dynasty, represented by Zhang Xuecheng.
【学位授予单位】：西南民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K29
本文编号：2163049
[Abstract]:Local chronicles are records of a region of history books, the government has government records, state records, counties have county records, a variety of. Where the establishment of one party history, natural geography, economy, military, culture and education, folk customs and other aspects of the situation. There are obvious differences in style, genre, function and value between annals and historical books. The chronicle combines the longitude and weft and narrates the history on the basis of the cross-row category, so it has the distinction of "historical style" and "Shi style". The history of the academy, the history of the temple, the history of the lecture, the collection of books, the printing of books, the management methods, and the sacrifice are recorded in the history of the academy, the natural environment, the lectures, the collection of books, the printing of books, the management methods, and the sacrifice. Xuetian and other academies related to the history of the book. The compilation of records of academies is not only different from the history books but also from the local records of administrative divisions. Its style is similar to the old records of most administrative divisions and is mainly programmatic. Its genres also include descriptions, notes, chronicles, biographies, charts, tables, records, and so on. However, there are some special methods and values in the compilation of academy records, so it is necessary to discuss them separately from the local records of administrative divisions. The greatest difference between the local chronicles of academy records and administrative divisions lies in the different nature of annals, which makes the content of annals different. In terms of the nature of the local chronicles, scholars in the Qing Dynasty mainly had two different opinions. In the view of many scholars of Qianjia textual research represented by Dai Zhen, the local chronicles belong to geographical special books, with the first emphasis on historical evolution; the literature school represented by Zhang Xuecheng holds that the local chronicles take charge of the local history, and the first emphasis is on preserving the literature of one side, which is used for drawing materials from the national history. With its small geographical area, single function and less geographical composition, the College seems to prefer Zhang Xuecheng's viewpoint. In terms of the compilation theory of local chronicles, he put forward the standard of poetry and writing, that is to say, it can supplement the history of attestation, benefit the social style and education, help to preserve the literature and so on, and it is very useful for the compilation of the records of the academy. The establishment of the chronicles of the academy, the compiling principles of the biography of characters and the structure of the articles can also be discussed by Zhang Xuecheng's theory of local chronology, but the concrete problems need to be analyzed concretely. The local chronicles of provinces, prefectures, prefectures and counties have always been paid more attention to by the local chronicles, but there is little concern about the records of the academies. Bailu Dong Academy, located in Lushan Mountain, Jiangxi Province, is one of the four great academies in ancient China. According to the compilation of the annals of the academy, the Bailu Dong Academy has undergone six reconstructions in history, and more than a dozen copies have been published by Fu Zi. There are as many as five kinds of Bai Lu Dong College Records that have been handed down to this day. They record more than a thousand years of history of rise and fall of Bai Ludong Academy, which is a rare historical document of ancient Chinese academies. This paper mainly takes the annals of Bai Ludong Academy as an example and discusses the compilation of the annals of Bai Ludong Academy by using the theoretical knowledge of Fang Zhi, especially the theory put forward by Fang Zhi of Qing Dynasty, represented by Zhang Xuecheng.
【学位授予单位】：西南民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K29
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