近代东北地区慈善事业研究
发布时间：2018-08-12 19:28
【摘要】：近代是一个剧烈变革的时代。中国在政治、经济、思想观念、社会生活等各方面都出现近代化转型,东北地区的慈善事业也在此时发生了前所未有的变革。本文即以近代东北地区的慈善事业为研究对象,试图对其发展的背景、发展的概况及其特征和所产生的社会影响作一个全面、系统的梳理和研究,以期对现今社会的慈善事业发展提供一定的借鉴和启示。本文论述的时间范围是从1840-1949年整个近代时期,论述的空间范围主要是东北三省。本文主要分为五个部分： 绪论部分：这一部分主要对本选题的选题意义、研究现状以及选题的创新与不足等做出阐述。 第二部分：对近代东北地区慈善事业发展的背景进行探析,主要包括东北的历史地理与自然灾害,近代东北的政治环境、经济状况以及西方慈善思想与实践的影响。通过对背景的分析,了解当时东北整个社会大环境,以求正视东北慈善事业的发展概况及特点。 第三部分：主要对东北地区慈善事业的发展进行阶段性分析。主要分四个阶段：第一阶段是日俄战争以前(1840-1904年)东北的慈善事业,第二阶段是日俄战争至民国以前(1904-1912年)东北的慈善事业,第三阶段是民国以后至“九一八”事变以前(1912-1931年)东北的慈善事业,第四阶段是“九一八”事变以后至新中国成立前(1931-1949年)东北的慈善事业。 第四部分：这一部分主要有两个内容,第一个内容是主要对东北地区慈善事业的特点进行分析。特点一是东北地区慈善事业总体发展迟滞,主要是因为一方面,东北地区地广人稀,遇到灾害可以依靠自然的调节能力缓解灾害,慈善事业发展空间受限,另一方面,东北开发较晚,地方经济薄弱,限制了慈善事业的发展；特点二是产生了中国最早的红十字会救济与红十字组织；特点三是地域发展不平衡；特点四是组织人员多样化；特点五是慈善内容多样化。这一部分的第二个内容是对东北地区慈善事业发展的影响进行评价。东北地区慈善事业的发展促进东北民众素质的提高,促进了东北的开发,促进了东北近代医疗卫生事业的发展,促进了近代教育的进步,缓和了社会矛盾,稳定了社会秩序。第五部分：结语部分主要是对前文的总结,阐述东北慈善事业发展对当今社会慈善事业发展的启示和借鉴意义。借鉴一是加强慈善文化的建设；借鉴二是以官方慈善为引导,扩大民办慈善力量。 本文既站在宏观的角度对近代东北地区的慈善事业做了全面的把握,同时也对东北地区慈善事业中的重点事件进行了分析,比如对近代庞大的“闯关东”流民浪潮的救助、中国最早的红十字会组织的产生、近代公共卫生事业和防疫事业的初步建立等典型案例进行了探析,以期展现近代东北慈善事业的全貌。
[Abstract]:Modern times are a time of dramatic change. In politics, economy, ideology, social life and so on, China has undergone a modern transformation, and the philanthropy in Northeast China has also undergone unprecedented changes at this time. In this paper, the philanthropy in the northeast of modern times is taken as the research object, trying to make a comprehensive, systematic research on the background, the general situation and the characteristics of the development and the social impact. In order to provide a certain reference and inspiration for the development of charity in today's society. The time range discussed in this paper is from 1840-1949 to the whole modern period. This paper is divided into five parts: introduction: this part mainly describes the significance of this topic, the status quo of the topic and the innovation and shortcomings of the topic. The second part analyzes the background of the development of philanthropy in modern Northeast China, including the historical geography and natural disasters in Northeast China, the political environment, economic situation and the influence of western philanthropy thought and practice in modern times. Through the analysis of the background, we can understand the whole social environment of Northeast China at that time, in order to face up to the general situation and characteristics of the development of charity in Northeast China. The third part: mainly carries on the stage analysis to the northeast area philanthropy development. There are four main stages: the first stage is the charity work in the Northeast before the Japanese-Russian War (1840-1904), and the second stage is the charity work in the Northeast before the Japanese-Russian War to the Republic of China (1904-1912). The third stage is from the Republic of China to the Northeast before the September 18 incident (1912-1931), and the fourth stage is from the September 18 incident to the founding of New China (1931-1949). Part four: there are two main contents in this part. The first is to analyze the characteristics of philanthropy in Northeast China. The first feature is that the overall development of philanthropy in the Northeast is lagging behind, mainly because, on the one hand, the Northeast region is sparsely populated, the disaster can be mitigated by natural adjustment capabilities, the space for the development of philanthropy is limited, and on the other hand, The development of Northeast China is late and the local economy is weak, which limits the development of charity; the second characteristic is the earliest relief and organization of Red Cross in China, the third is the imbalance of regional development, the fourth is the diversification of organization personnel; The fifth feature is the diversity of charitable content. The second part of this part is to evaluate the impact of the development of philanthropy in Northeast China. The development of philanthropy in Northeast China promotes the improvement of the quality of the people in Northeast China, the development of Northeast China, the development of modern medical and health services in Northeast China, the progress of modern education, the relaxation of social contradictions and the stabilization of social order. The fifth part: the conclusion is a summary of the above, expounding the enlightenment and reference significance of the development of charity in Northeast China. The first is to strengthen the construction of charity culture, and the other is to expand the private charity power under the guidance of official charity. This paper not only makes a comprehensive grasp of the philanthropy in the Northeast in modern times from a macro perspective, but also analyzes the key events in the philanthropy of the Northeast, such as the rescue of the huge wave of displaced people in modern times. The emergence of the earliest Red Cross organization in China, the initial establishment of public health and epidemic prevention in modern times, and other typical cases are analyzed in order to show the overall picture of modern philanthropy in Northeast China.
【学位授予单位】：湖南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K293
本文编号：2180113
[Abstract]:Modern times are a time of dramatic change. In politics, economy, ideology, social life and so on, China has undergone a modern transformation, and the philanthropy in Northeast China has also undergone unprecedented changes at this time. In this paper, the philanthropy in the northeast of modern times is taken as the research object, trying to make a comprehensive, systematic research on the background, the general situation and the characteristics of the development and the social impact. In order to provide a certain reference and inspiration for the development of charity in today's society. The time range discussed in this paper is from 1840-1949 to the whole modern period. This paper is divided into five parts: introduction: this part mainly describes the significance of this topic, the status quo of the topic and the innovation and shortcomings of the topic. The second part analyzes the background of the development of philanthropy in modern Northeast China, including the historical geography and natural disasters in Northeast China, the political environment, economic situation and the influence of western philanthropy thought and practice in modern times. Through the analysis of the background, we can understand the whole social environment of Northeast China at that time, in order to face up to the general situation and characteristics of the development of charity in Northeast China. The third part: mainly carries on the stage analysis to the northeast area philanthropy development. There are four main stages: the first stage is the charity work in the Northeast before the Japanese-Russian War (1840-1904), and the second stage is the charity work in the Northeast before the Japanese-Russian War to the Republic of China (1904-1912). The third stage is from the Republic of China to the Northeast before the September 18 incident (1912-1931), and the fourth stage is from the September 18 incident to the founding of New China (1931-1949). Part four: there are two main contents in this part. The first is to analyze the characteristics of philanthropy in Northeast China. The first feature is that the overall development of philanthropy in the Northeast is lagging behind, mainly because, on the one hand, the Northeast region is sparsely populated, the disaster can be mitigated by natural adjustment capabilities, the space for the development of philanthropy is limited, and on the other hand, The development of Northeast China is late and the local economy is weak, which limits the development of charity; the second characteristic is the earliest relief and organization of Red Cross in China, the third is the imbalance of regional development, the fourth is the diversification of organization personnel; The fifth feature is the diversity of charitable content. The second part of this part is to evaluate the impact of the development of philanthropy in Northeast China. The development of philanthropy in Northeast China promotes the improvement of the quality of the people in Northeast China, the development of Northeast China, the development of modern medical and health services in Northeast China, the progress of modern education, the relaxation of social contradictions and the stabilization of social order. The fifth part: the conclusion is a summary of the above, expounding the enlightenment and reference significance of the development of charity in Northeast China. The first is to strengthen the construction of charity culture, and the other is to expand the private charity power under the guidance of official charity. This paper not only makes a comprehensive grasp of the philanthropy in the Northeast in modern times from a macro perspective, but also analyzes the key events in the philanthropy of the Northeast, such as the rescue of the huge wave of displaced people in modern times. The emergence of the earliest Red Cross organization in China, the initial establishment of public health and epidemic prevention in modern times, and other typical cases are analyzed in order to show the overall picture of modern philanthropy in Northeast China.
【学位授予单位】：湖南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K293
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