近代湖南社会赡养研究（1840—1949）

发布时间：2018-08-17 18:52

【摘要】： 社会赡养，是指通过政府或个人出资出物创办社会保障机构来赡养需要救助的人们。赡养是社会的一项功能，它是社会正常运转不可或缺的一个重要部分。赡养的对象主要是丧失劳动能力、难以维持生存的人群。近代的中国处于社会历史的转型阶段，受到巨大的外来冲击，并且由此引起了内部的剧烈震荡。湖南，中国的一个内陆省份，势必也在这个范围之内。近代湖南的赡养功能，一方面，受整个社会的影响，是整个近代中国社会赡养功能的一个剪影：同时，也表现出较强的地域特征，有较强的湖湘特色。近代湖南社会动荡不安，人民的正常生活受到干扰，社会的无告之民数量多，规模大，社会赡养在此背景下显得尤其重要。1840年以后，湖南的社会赡养无论从思想、手段还是救济方式、程度等方面都已走上了近代化的历程，摆脱了传统消极救济模式，走上了积极救济的道路，虽然达不到现代水准，但是它毕竟是社会的“调节器”，对解决弱势群体的生存问题、缓和社会矛盾等方面起了促动作用。由赡养所引发的一系列政府职能机构的设置、社会团体组织的形成，以及社会新风尚的形成，、社会习俗的改变、思维观念的变化等都推动了近代湖南社会的变迁。本文分七部分：引言部分：概况选题意义、研究动态和本文的主要观点创新；第二部分：阐述社会赡养的概念、内涵、外延和传统湖南社会赡养的运行状况；第三部分：分四个时期考察近代湖南社会赡养的基本状况和演化脉络；第四部分：概况近代湖南社会赡养的特点，一是近代湖南对社会赡养的需求大，社会救助的次数发生频繁；二是近代湖南社会赡养的起步要比沿海城市晚；三是近代湖南社会赡养的修复作用不明显，救助程度不深，但整体上还是朝着近代化、科学化的方向发展；四是近代湖南社会赡养呈机构多元化、经费筹集手段多样化的特点；五是近代湖南社会赡养程度地区间发展不平衡：第五部分：分析近代湖南社会赡养呈上述变化势态及特点的原因；第六部分：探讨近代湖南社会赡养对近代湖南社会变迁的作用。文章认为与近代社会赡养紧密相关的社会变迁有三个突出的方面：第一，，促使政府加大对社会公共事务管理的关注力度：第二促使近代湖南社会组织机构发生变化；第三近代湖南社会赡养对于改变社会风气，张扬人道主义精神，促进社会稳定和提高社会文明程度的有着不可磨灭的作用；结语部分：对文章作简单的概况，论述研究近代湖南社会赡养的对当代社会赡养的借鉴意义和启示。
[Abstract]:Social support refers to the establishment of social security institutions through government or personal contributions to support people in need of assistance. Maintenance is a social function, it is an indispensable part of the normal operation of society. The main object of support is the loss of labor capacity, difficult to maintain the survival of the population. Modern China is in the stage of social and historical transition, and has been subjected to a huge external shock, and thus caused a violent internal shock. Hunan, an inland province of China, is bound to fall within that range. On the one hand, influenced by the whole society, the support function of modern Hunan is a silhouette of the support function of the whole modern Chinese society. At the same time, it also shows strong regional characteristics and strong Hunan characteristics. In modern Hunan, social unrest, people's normal life being disturbed, the number and scale of unreported people in the society are large, and social support is especially important in this context. After 1840, Hunan's social support, whether from the perspective of thought, The means or the relief methods and the degree of relief have all been taken to the process of modernization, to get rid of the traditional passive relief mode and to take the road of positive relief. Although it is not up to the modern standard, it is after all the "regulator" of the society. To solve the survival of vulnerable groups, ease social contradictions and other aspects played a catalytic role. The establishment of a series of government functional organizations, the formation of social organizations, the formation of new social customs, the change of social customs and the change of thinking concepts have all promoted the changes of modern Hunan society. This paper is divided into seven parts: introduction: the significance of the topic, research trends and the main ideas of this paper innovation; The second part: the concept, connotation, extension and the operation of traditional social support in Hunan; The third part: divided into four periods to investigate the basic situation and evolution of modern Hunan social support; The fourth part: a survey of the characteristics of social support in modern Hunan. First, the demand for social support in modern Hunan is great, and the frequency of social assistance occurs frequently; Second, the modern Hunan social support started later than the coastal cities; third, the modern Hunan social support repair function is not obvious, the degree of relief is not deep, but the overall development is towards the direction of modernization and science; Fourth, the modern Hunan society support presents the organization diversification, the fund collection means diversification characteristic; Fifthly, the development of social support degree in modern Hunan is not balanced. The fifth part is to analyze the reasons for the changes and characteristics of social support in modern Hunan. The sixth part: discusses the function of modern Hunan social support to modern Hunan social change. The article holds that there are three outstanding aspects of social changes closely related to modern social support: first, to urge the government to pay more attention to the management of social public affairs; second, to promote the change of modern social organization in Hunan; The third modern Hunan society support has the indelible function to change the social atmosphere, promote the humanitarianism spirit, promote the social stability and improve the social civilization degree; Conclusion: a brief overview of the article, the study of modern Hunan social support for contemporary social support significance and inspiration.
【学位授予单位】：湖南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：K29

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