近代山东土匪问题研究
发布时间：2018-08-19 16:11
【摘要】：山东素以民风骠悍著称,土匪的历史源远流长。近代以来,随着中央统治力 的日渐衰弱,山东政局也日趋于动荡,社会黑暗,民不聊生,由此造成匪患猖獗 的状况。本文基于现有资料并借助社会学、犯罪心理学、法学等方面知识,对近 代山东土匪问题的成因、其与山东各方政治势力的关系以及由此给近代山东社会 造成的影响进行了初步的探索。 土匪行为作为弱势群体对于病态社会的自然反应,其产生的原因是极其复杂 的。总体来说,军阀混战、吏治腐败、频繁发生的自然灾害等是山东匪患猖獗的 主导因素,自然地理环境、历史文化传承、民众性格、社会法制体系等诸多方面 也与这一现象的产生联系密切。山东山地较多,鲁西南更是泊泽罗布,这样的地 理环境为匪患的滋生提供了隐蔽、藏身之处;《水浒传》中对土匪生活的浪漫描写 及其中对于土匪战术的介绍,无意中对匪患的形成起到了精神支撑与战术指导的 作用。山东人特有的骠悍性格、雄健的身体特征为土匪势力的形成提供了体力支 撑,而酗酒、吸食鸦片等不良嗜好也增加了人们为匪的可能性;不合理的婚姻结 构与法制体系,使得匪帮成为逃避社会不公的理想归宿,充足的武器来源使得山 东匪帮战斗力极强且不易剿灭。 在政局变幻莫测的近代山东,各国势力根据自己不同的需要对土匪采取了抚 不同的策略:传教士以其乐善好施的外表及特有的庇护功能赢得了土匪的好感, 而他们也顺利将土匪变为其扩大自身的影响的媒介。列强政府则频频以洋票事件 为借口,声称中国无力保护外人安全,妄图挑起国际争端,干涉中国内政。日本 是山东土匪的强力后盾,在武器、人员等方面为其提供了全面的帮助,并利用土 匪制造混乱以达到其不可告人的政治目的。侵华战争期间,土匪武装成为日本人 的先锋部队以及伪军的重要兵源。 民国政府对土匪问题也态度不一:张树元、郑士琦、韩复榘在位期间对土匪 大力进剿,并取得了一定的成效。而田中玉则因临城劫车案件成为北洋政府媚外 的政治牺牲品,被迫下台。土匪出身的张宗昌在位期间横征暴敛,造成民不聊生、 大批为匪的局面,而张则因忙于军阀混战而无力剿匪,其统治期间匪患日益猖獗。 共产党人根据不同时期革命形势的发展需要,对土匪武装也采取了不同的策
[Abstract]:Shandong is famous for its folk style, and bandits have a long history. Since modern times, with the gradual weakening of the central government, the political situation in Shandong has become increasingly turbulent, social darkness, and the people living in poverty. This led to rampant banditry. Based on the existing data and with the help of sociology, criminal psychology, law and other aspects, this paper analyzes the causes of banditry in Shandong in recent generations. Its relationship with various political forces in Shandong Province and its influence on modern Shandong society were preliminarily explored. Banditry, as a natural reaction of vulnerable groups to sick society, is caused by complicated reasons. In general, warlords fighting, corruption of officials, frequent natural disasters and so on are the leading factors of rampant banditry in Shandong, natural geographical environment, historical and cultural heritage, and the character of the people. Social legal system and many other aspects are also closely related to the emergence of this phenomenon. Shandong has more mountainous areas, and southwest Shandong is even more Pozelopu. Such a geographical environment provides a cover for the breeding of banditry. Where to hide; the romantic description of bandits' life in the Water margin and the introduction to bandits' tactics, Inadvertently the formation of banditry played a spiritual support and tactical guidance role. The unique character of the Shandong people, the vigorous physical characteristics of the formation of bandits provide the physical support, and alcoholism, Bad habits such as opium use also increase the possibility that people are bandits; irrational marriage structures and legal systems make gangsters an ideal destination for escaping social injustice. Sufficient sources of weapons make the Yamadong bandits extremely effective and difficult to exterminate. In modern Shandong, where the political situation is unpredictable, According to their different needs, the forces of various countries have adopted different strategies to caress the bandits: missionaries have won the bandits by virtue of their benevolent appearance and their unique sheltering function. Good feelings, and they also successfully turned bandits into their own expansion of the influence of the media. The governments of foreign powers frequently use the foreign vote incident as an excuse, claiming that China is unable to protect outsiders' security, attempting to provoke international disputes and interfere in China's internal affairs. Japan is a powerful backing for bandits in Shandong and has provided them with comprehensive assistance in terms of weapons, personnel, etc. Bandits were used to create chaos for their ulterior political purposes. During the invasion of China, bandits became the vanguard of the Japanese and an important source of the puppet army. The government of the Republic of China also had different attitudes on banditry: Zhang Shuyuan, Zheng Shiqi and Han Fu-chu made great efforts to suppress the bandits during their reign, and achieved certain results. Tian Zhongyu was forced to step down because of the carjacking case in Lincheng, which became a political victim of the Beiyang government. During the reign of Zhang Zongchang, who was born by bandits, he collected and collected, resulting in a situation where the people were in dire straits and a large number of bandits, while Zhang was unable to suppress bandits because he was busy fighting between warlords, and the bandits became increasingly rampant during his reign. According to the needs of the development of the revolutionary situation in different periods, the Communists also adopted different strategies for the bandit armed forces.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2005
【分类号】：K295
本文编号：2192167
[Abstract]:Shandong is famous for its folk style, and bandits have a long history. Since modern times, with the gradual weakening of the central government, the political situation in Shandong has become increasingly turbulent, social darkness, and the people living in poverty. This led to rampant banditry. Based on the existing data and with the help of sociology, criminal psychology, law and other aspects, this paper analyzes the causes of banditry in Shandong in recent generations. Its relationship with various political forces in Shandong Province and its influence on modern Shandong society were preliminarily explored. Banditry, as a natural reaction of vulnerable groups to sick society, is caused by complicated reasons. In general, warlords fighting, corruption of officials, frequent natural disasters and so on are the leading factors of rampant banditry in Shandong, natural geographical environment, historical and cultural heritage, and the character of the people. Social legal system and many other aspects are also closely related to the emergence of this phenomenon. Shandong has more mountainous areas, and southwest Shandong is even more Pozelopu. Such a geographical environment provides a cover for the breeding of banditry. Where to hide; the romantic description of bandits' life in the Water margin and the introduction to bandits' tactics, Inadvertently the formation of banditry played a spiritual support and tactical guidance role. The unique character of the Shandong people, the vigorous physical characteristics of the formation of bandits provide the physical support, and alcoholism, Bad habits such as opium use also increase the possibility that people are bandits; irrational marriage structures and legal systems make gangsters an ideal destination for escaping social injustice. Sufficient sources of weapons make the Yamadong bandits extremely effective and difficult to exterminate. In modern Shandong, where the political situation is unpredictable, According to their different needs, the forces of various countries have adopted different strategies to caress the bandits: missionaries have won the bandits by virtue of their benevolent appearance and their unique sheltering function. Good feelings, and they also successfully turned bandits into their own expansion of the influence of the media. The governments of foreign powers frequently use the foreign vote incident as an excuse, claiming that China is unable to protect outsiders' security, attempting to provoke international disputes and interfere in China's internal affairs. Japan is a powerful backing for bandits in Shandong and has provided them with comprehensive assistance in terms of weapons, personnel, etc. Bandits were used to create chaos for their ulterior political purposes. During the invasion of China, bandits became the vanguard of the Japanese and an important source of the puppet army. The government of the Republic of China also had different attitudes on banditry: Zhang Shuyuan, Zheng Shiqi and Han Fu-chu made great efforts to suppress the bandits during their reign, and achieved certain results. Tian Zhongyu was forced to step down because of the carjacking case in Lincheng, which became a political victim of the Beiyang government. During the reign of Zhang Zongchang, who was born by bandits, he collected and collected, resulting in a situation where the people were in dire straits and a large number of bandits, while Zhang was unable to suppress bandits because he was busy fighting between warlords, and the bandits became increasingly rampant during his reign. According to the needs of the development of the revolutionary situation in different periods, the Communists also adopted different strategies for the bandit armed forces.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2005
【分类号】：K295
【引证文献】
相关硕士学位论文 前5条
1 闫英华;山东盗文化初探[D];山东师范大学;2011年
2 范明明;临城劫车案及其善后[D];兰州大学;2011年
3 储鑫;转型时期的民间武装与社会秩序[D];华中师范大学;2008年
4 张桂霞;民国时期热河匪患及其治理[D];河北大学;2010年
5 马文杰;周馥主政山东研究（1902-1904）[D];青岛大学;2012年
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