上海外滩城区探究（1843-1937）
发布时间：2018-09-03 13:47
【摘要】： 外滩于1843年上海开埠后迈开了城市化的步伐,在经过不到百年的变迁之后,其社区功能最终定位于银行与公共空间。笔者在构思文章时主要围绕三个问题:近代上海租界的城市化如何从外滩起步的?外滩如何由早期的洋行集中地演变为20世纪二、三十年代的“东方华尔街”?外滩浦江沿岸如何由一个嘈杂的码头区演变成近代上海最为重要的公共空间? 近代上海租界的城市化最早从外滩起步,其根本原因是外滩占据着上海独一无二的地理位置,但这种地理上潜在的因素只有在具备了一定的条件后方能发挥优势。外滩位居黄浦江与苏州河的交接处,无论从安全上、还是从贸易上,以及从与县城的联系上等诸方面考虑,其有利的位置都是上海其他地点所望尘莫及的。但直到1843年,黄浦滩还完全是一片荒凉地带,只有少数的自然村落座落其中,李家厂及其周围地区基本上还是军事用地。开埠后西人于短时间内将黄浦滩地皮租赁殆尽,并迅速建起了一排“南亚式”的洋行建筑,在不到十年的光景里,外滩发生了巨大变化。显然政治上的强权因素在外滩城市化中起了关键作用。1853年小刀会起义使得租界原有的“华洋分居”格局被打破,移民的大批迁入为租界大规模的城市化准备了基础条件,从而也使得外滩的城市化有了租界经济整体的发展作为支撑。 20世纪二、三十年代的外滩银行林立,被誉为是“东方华尔街”,纵观其形成的历史过程,可以清晰地察觉到作用于其中的诸多必然性。开埠后很长一段时间里,外滩机构都是以洋行为主,“商业大王”们在垄断贸易的同时,也操纵了与贸易相联系的诸多附属业务包括金融业务,这与早期商品贸易的形式、内容及数量有很大关系,这就使得早期来上海的外资银行遭到了洋行们的强力排挤。但随着中国一系列通商口岸的开放及随之而产生的贸易额的急剧上升,洋行感到已难以承担起日渐复杂的金融业务,他们需要专业银行来对金融业务进行操作,汇丰银行便应运而生。到19世纪末20世纪初,一方面,由于中外贸易的扩大对银行业务的需求进一步加大,另一方面,由于进入帝国主义阶段后,列强对华经济掠夺以设立银行、强制贷款等资本输出方式为主,于是众多国际知名银行来到中国,华俄道胜、花旗、东方汇理、横滨正金等银行就是在这一时段来到外滩驻扎的。1897年中国第一家华资银行——中国通商银行于外滩成立,虽然其成立的动机可能是受银行利润的刺激,或出于清末发展实业之需要的考虑,但在当时外资银行完全垄断中国金融业的背景下,其对外资银行的抗争意义是不言而喻的。 外滩是近代上海最重要的公共空间。其形成一方面与外滩经济功能的转变有莫大关系,另一方面与租界的管理理念、生活方式等因素密不可分。由于开埠后外滩的经济功能以洋行贸易为主,很长一段时间里,外滩浦江岸边排列着众多的大小驳船码头,公共空间的环境因此受到很大影响,随着经济功能向银行金融的转变,昔日的码头嘈杂声与杂乱景象渐渐逝去,外滩环境大为好转。租界的一些管理者如金能亨等对外滩公共空间的建设非常重视,工部局以公众利益为最高准则的管理理念以及外侨对公共空间的需求等因素都促使了外滩公共空间的日臻完善。当然,外滩的殖民色彩极强,殖民性通过外滩公园、雕塑建筑以及上海总会、沙逊大厦等公共空间表达得非常露骨。
[Abstract]:After the opening of the Bund in 1843, Shanghai took the step of urbanization. After less than a century of changes, its community function was finally positioned in the bank and public space. In the 1920s and 1930s, the "East Wall Street"? How did the Bund Pujiang coast evolve from a noisy dock area into the most important public space in modern Shanghai?
The Bund occupied a unique geographical position in Shanghai, but this geographical potential factor can only play an advantage if it has certain conditions. The Bund is located at the junction of the Huangpu River and the Suzhou River, whether in terms of security, trade, and so on. But until 1843, Huangpu Beach was a completely desolate area, with only a few natural villages located in it. Lijiachang and its surrounding areas were basically military land. After the opening of the port, the Westerners took Huangpu Beach as a short time. In less than a decade, the Bund had undergone tremendous changes. Obviously, political power played a key role in the urbanization of the Bund. It has prepared the basic conditions for the large-scale urbanization of the concession, thus enabling the urbanization of the Bund to be supported by the overall development of the concession economy.
In the 1920s and 1930s, the Bund Banks, known as "Eastern Wall Street", were crowded with banks. Throughout the historical process of its formation, we can clearly perceive the inevitability of its role. Many affiliated businesses, including financial services, were closely related to the form, content and quantity of the early commodity trade, which resulted in the strong exclusion of foreign banks from Shanghai. However, with the opening of a series of China's trading ports and the consequent sharp increase in the volume of trade, the foreign banks felt that they had already come to Shanghai. At the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, on the one hand, because of the expansion of foreign trade, the demand for banking business was further increased, on the other hand, because of the economic plunder of the powers against China after entering the stage of imperialism. In 1897, China's first Chinese-funded bank, China Commerce Bank, was established on the Bund, although its motive was to be established. Perhaps it was stimulated by the profits of the banks or the need to develop industry in the late Qing Dynasty. But under the background that foreign banks completely monopolized the Chinese financial industry, its resistance to foreign banks was self-evident.
The Bund is the most important public space in modern Shanghai. Its formation is closely related to the change of the Bund's economic function on the one hand, and to the concession's management concept and life style on the other hand. With the change of economic function to banking and finance, the noise and chaos of the former wharf gradually faded away, and the environment of the Bund was greatly improved. High standards of management and the need of foreigners for public space have contributed to the improvement of the Bund's public space.
【学位授予单位】：上海师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：K295
本文编号：2220146
[Abstract]:After the opening of the Bund in 1843, Shanghai took the step of urbanization. After less than a century of changes, its community function was finally positioned in the bank and public space. In the 1920s and 1930s, the "East Wall Street"? How did the Bund Pujiang coast evolve from a noisy dock area into the most important public space in modern Shanghai?
The Bund occupied a unique geographical position in Shanghai, but this geographical potential factor can only play an advantage if it has certain conditions. The Bund is located at the junction of the Huangpu River and the Suzhou River, whether in terms of security, trade, and so on. But until 1843, Huangpu Beach was a completely desolate area, with only a few natural villages located in it. Lijiachang and its surrounding areas were basically military land. After the opening of the port, the Westerners took Huangpu Beach as a short time. In less than a decade, the Bund had undergone tremendous changes. Obviously, political power played a key role in the urbanization of the Bund. It has prepared the basic conditions for the large-scale urbanization of the concession, thus enabling the urbanization of the Bund to be supported by the overall development of the concession economy.
In the 1920s and 1930s, the Bund Banks, known as "Eastern Wall Street", were crowded with banks. Throughout the historical process of its formation, we can clearly perceive the inevitability of its role. Many affiliated businesses, including financial services, were closely related to the form, content and quantity of the early commodity trade, which resulted in the strong exclusion of foreign banks from Shanghai. However, with the opening of a series of China's trading ports and the consequent sharp increase in the volume of trade, the foreign banks felt that they had already come to Shanghai. At the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, on the one hand, because of the expansion of foreign trade, the demand for banking business was further increased, on the other hand, because of the economic plunder of the powers against China after entering the stage of imperialism. In 1897, China's first Chinese-funded bank, China Commerce Bank, was established on the Bund, although its motive was to be established. Perhaps it was stimulated by the profits of the banks or the need to develop industry in the late Qing Dynasty. But under the background that foreign banks completely monopolized the Chinese financial industry, its resistance to foreign banks was self-evident.
The Bund is the most important public space in modern Shanghai. Its formation is closely related to the change of the Bund's economic function on the one hand, and to the concession's management concept and life style on the other hand. With the change of economic function to banking and finance, the noise and chaos of the former wharf gradually faded away, and the environment of the Bund was greatly improved. High standards of management and the need of foreigners for public space have contributed to the improvement of the Bund's public space.
【学位授予单位】：上海师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：K295
【引证文献】
相关硕士学位论文 前1条
1 谭鑫强;城市高架桥主导空间解析[D];大连理工大学;2009年
，本文编号：2220146
本文链接：https://www.wllwen.com/shekelunwen/zgmzsz/2220146.html
