潮汕三山国王信仰研究

发布时间：2018-10-09 09:53

【摘要】：三山国王作为潮汕地区本地特有的、最常遇到的神yG之一,“护国庇民”为其核心要旨,自隋朝肇迹伊始,距今已有1400多年。关于三山国王崇拜的由来,大家普遍接受刘希孟撰写的《潮州路明贶三山国王庙记》这一规范性的解释。三山国王信仰发展分为两个阶段,第一个阶段主要是隋、唐、宋、元四个朝代的官方推动;第二个阶段是鼎盛发展与流播海外并存时期,主要是在民间自在发展与当地乡绅士大夫的极力宣扬,同时随着当时潮汕人民大量移垦海外异乡,三山国王作为人们垦殖异乡的精神支柱和故乡桑梓的象征,也随之流播至海外,发展至现在台湾地区、东南亚各国等地均分布有三山国王庙。三山国王信仰的信众群体和庙宇分布地域甚广,并且形成了一整套具有特色的祀神习俗。三山国王非佛非道,无经文教义,不受语言地域限制,它是以山神这种自然神为本质存在,具有社神身份,在地方其他民间神明中具有“王”的地位。在历史发展历程中,三山国王信仰和王朝教化与地域社会发展、官府与乡民长期契合互动的过程有着十分微妙的关系,三山国王充当着双方互动契合的文化媒介。而且,三山国王信仰在潮汕地域及海外异乡流播,在原乡三山祖庙与海外三山国王庙、海外流播地域内庙宇之间存在的“分香”传统,体现出地缘文化上的认同;近些年来,海外信众返乡探访祖庙活动愈发频繁,也表现出其祖籍认同的文化象征地位。三山国王信仰作为民间信仰,它渗透到当地社会的各个角落,对当地民众的日常生活和社会发展有着一定的影响。在中国的现代化过程中,人们不免会思考民间信仰作为一种传统文化是否与现代化的需要相适应这个问题。三山国王信仰作为潮汕文化的组成部分,它具有传承传统文化、成为族群文化的分界、促进天人和谐等文化价值和艺术娱乐、教化民众、社会管理、文化认同等社会功能,这些对于构建潮汕地区和谐社会、促进地区发展有着深刻的现实意义。
[Abstract]:As one of the most common yG gods in Chaoshan, Sanshan King "protecting the country and defending the people" is its core tenet. It has been more than 1400 years since the beginning of the Sui Dynasty. As to the origin of the worship of the King of the three Mountains, it is generally accepted that Liu Ximeng's "Chaozhou Lu Ming Kuang San Shan King's Temple" is a normative interpretation. The three mountain kings' belief development is divided into two stages. The first stage is mainly promoted by the Sui, Tang, Song and Yuan dynasties. It was mainly in the free development of the people and the vigorous propaganda of the local gentry and literati. At the same time, with the people of Chaoshan and Shantou moving in large numbers to reclaim foreign lands, King Sanshan was regarded as the spiritual pillar of people's cultivation and cultivation of foreign lands and the symbol of the hometown of Sangzi. It also spread overseas, and now Taiwan, Southeast Asian countries and other places have three mountains of King Temple. The religious groups and temples of Sanshan King were widely distributed and formed a set of special customs of worship to gods. The King of the three Mountains is not a Buddha or a Taoist, has no scripture doctrine, and is not restricted by the language region. It is based on the nature of the mountain god and has the status of "king" among other local folk deities. In the course of historical development, there is a very delicate relationship between the religious belief and dynasty education and the development of regional society, and the long-term interaction between the government and the villagers. The three-mountain king acts as the cultural medium for the interaction between the two sides Moreover, the belief of the three mountain kings in Chaoshan and other places abroad, the tradition of "scented incense" existing between the ancestral temples of Sanshan and the three mountains abroad, and the temples in the overseas regions of the three mountains reflects the geographical and cultural identity; in recent years, Overseas believers return home to visit ancestral temples more frequently, also showing their ancestral identity as a cultural symbol. As a folk belief, Sanshan King's belief permeates every corner of the local society and has a certain influence on the daily life and social development of the local people. In the course of China's modernization, people can't help thinking about whether folk belief, as a kind of traditional culture, adapts to the need of modernization. As a part of Chaoshan culture, Sanshan King's belief has the social functions of inheriting traditional culture, becoming the dividing line of ethnic culture, promoting harmony of nature and man, and artistic entertainment, enlightening people, social management, cultural identity, etc. These are of profound practical significance for building a harmonious society in Chaoshan and promoting regional development.
【学位授予单位】：广州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K29

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