对拓跋鲜卑及北朝汉化问题的总体考察

发布时间：2018-10-15 17:09

【摘要】：从258年拓跋力微迁居盛乐到581年北周为隋所代,拓跋鲜卑及北朝经历了一个复杂的汉化过程。从北魏皇室始祖到北魏前期,虽有汉化因素,但其主流思想是坚守本民族习俗和文化。北魏中期,积极推行全面汉化政策。北魏后期,部分鲜卑人对孝文帝的全面汉化改革进行反思、清算甚至猛烈反扑,曾一度出现了新的鲜卑化倾向。东魏、北齐对汉化政策反扑最为激烈,胡风、胡俗越来越重。西魏、北周虽有胡风、胡俗回潮现象,但幅度较低,范围较窄,主要是对孝文帝以来汉化之路的逐步回归和对民族关系的不断调适,为消灭北齐、统一北方并为隋唐盛世的出现奠定了坚实基础。
[Abstract]:From 258 years to 581 the Northern Zhou Dynasty was the Sui Dynasty, and the Tuoba Xianbei and the Northern Dynasty experienced a complicated process of Sinicization. From the royal ancestors of the Northern Wei Dynasty to the early period of the Northern Wei Dynasty, although there were some factors of Sinicization, the mainstream thought was to adhere to the customs and culture of their own nationalities. In the middle of the Northern Wei Dynasty, the policy of overall Sinicization was actively pursued. In the late Northern Wei Dynasty, some Xianbei people reflected on the overall reform of Emperor Xiaowen and even reacted violently. Eastern Wei, Northern Qi to the policy of Sinicization the most fierce, Hu Feng, Hu vulgar more and more heavy. In the Western Wei Dynasty, although there was Hu Feng in the Northern Zhou Dynasty, the phenomenon of Hu vulgar reverberating, but the range was relatively low, and the scope was narrower. It was mainly about the gradual return of the Han way since Emperor Xiaowen and the constant adjustment of the ethnic relations, in order to eliminate the Northern Qi Dynasty. Unifying the north laid a solid foundation for the emergence of the prosperous Sui and Tang dynasties.
【作者单位】：烟台大学人文学院;烟台大学民族研究所;
【分类号】：K28;K239.2

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