民族文化重构实践中的身份与地方认同——仡佬族祭祖活动案例

发布时间：2018-12-15 06:36

【摘要】：在文化转向思潮的引领下,新文化地理学从注重结果向注重过程转移,更强调地理事象所发生的空间过程及其内化在特殊地域系统中的社会关系。在这一过程中,景观的符号象征意义和表征作用得到重新解读。以民族文化为旅游吸引物的发展背景下,通过对贵州世居民族仡佬族官方祭祖活动的参与式观察和相关群体的深度访谈,发现民族精英为将务川树立为仡佬族族群的中心,重构了"九天天主"及其祭祖仪式和场所,地方意义由此发生了改变‘,小塘石笋’由自然景观变为仡佬族族群的文化中心景观。"仡佬之源"的地方中心性空间策略虽扩大了仡佬族的知名度,提升了地方影响力,但祭祀活动却呈现出精英的"台上"认同与民众"台下"认同的对立。这一分歧的根本原因是当地仡佬族模糊的身份记忆以及仡佬族作为散居族群的文化多元性所致。在仡佬族祭祖的文化实践中,精英通过各种社会关系和权力影响和重构了地方身份认同,而地方的民族身份认同又影响地方意义的重构。文章指出,没有民众的"自下而上"支持,悬置于族群之上的官方主导的文化重构实践具有很大的脆弱性。研究对完善地方感研究中主体性缺失及地方与认同研究中身份认同研究不足具有重要的理论意义。
[Abstract]:Under the guidance of the cultural trend of thought, the new cultural geography shifts from the focus on results to the focus on process, and emphasizes the spatial process of geographical phenomena and the social relations internalized in the special regional system. In this process, the symbolic meaning and symbolic function of landscape are reinterpreted. In the context of the development of ethnic culture as tourist attraction, through the participatory observation of official ancestral worship activities of the Gelao nationality in Guizhou Province and in-depth interviews with related groups, it is found that the national elite is the center of the Gelao ethnic group, which will establish Wuchuan as the center of the Gelao ethnic group. With the reconstruction of "God of Nine days" and its ancestral ceremonies and places, the local significance has changed, and Xiaotang stalagmite 'has changed from a natural landscape to a cultural center of the Gelao ethnic group. " Gelao's local central space strategy has expanded the popularity of the Gelao people and promoted the local influence, but the sacrificial activities present the opposition between the elite's "onstage" identity and the "public" identity. The root cause of this disagreement is the vague identity memory of the Gelao ethnic group and the cultural diversity of the Gelao nationality as a diaspora. In the cultural practice of offering ancestral worship to the Gelao people, the elite influence and reconstruct the local identity through various social relations and power, and the local national identity affects the reconstruction of the local meaning. The paper points out that the practice of official cultural reconstruction, which is suspended above ethnic groups, has great vulnerability without the support of people from the bottom up. The research has important theoretical significance to improve the lack of subjectivity in the study of local feeling and the lack of identity in the study of local and identity.
【作者单位】：贵州师范大学中国南方喀斯特研究院;中山大学地理科学与规划学院;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目(41101135) 贵州省教育厅高校人文社科研究项目(09JD007) 广东省自然科学基金项目(10251063101000007) 教育部新世纪优秀人才支持计划项目(NCET-07-0889)资助
【分类号】：K28

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