上海市各界抗敌后援会研究

发布时间：2018-12-18 11:35

【摘要】：近代上海,随着工商业的发展,渐次兴起诸多以业缘、地缘为核心的同乡会、同业公会等社会团体。民族矛盾的加深,促使当时中国向西方学习的内容由“器物”到“制度”转化,地方自治浪潮就是在这样的社会背景下兴起。以地方为基础,社会各界精英自愿自发地组建起地方社会团体,并将所从事的活动扩展至商业以外的政治、教育、地方自治、社会事务等领域。由此,地方社会团体在推行地方自治的实践过程中起着愈来愈重要的作用。作为一种社会自组织的理性力量,地方社会团体成为政府与民众之间的沟通中介。一方面,政府借助社会团体来管理地方社会,另一方面,社会团体又代表着民众监督政府权力的行使。在这种双向互动的过程中,既有合作,又有摩擦,随着双方力量的强弱以及国情的变化而变化。上海市各界抗敌后援会便是在这种双向互动过程中昙花一现的社会团体。上海市各界抗敌后援会为抗战初期成立的一个由上海地方精英阶层主导、市党部、市政府人员、军方参与其中的合作性的民间抗日救亡团体。它以“统一意志,整齐步骤,集中一切力量来救国”为宗旨,接受中央既定方针的指导,以筹募、供应(后改为慰劳)、救济、宣传、交通、粮食、技术、防护、组织、设计等诸特种委员会的各司其职,协力合作。在抗战初期,它有力地支援了国民政府在上海地区的作战。并且,它还将工作扩展至战时政府无暇顾及的领域,承担了政府的部分职能。该团体成为民国时期政府与地方社会在互动中合作的一个鲜明的典范。
[Abstract]:In modern Shanghai, with the development of industry and commerce, many social organizations such as local associations, trade associations, etc. The deepening of ethnic contradictions promoted the transformation of the contents of China's study to the West from "implements" to "systems", and the wave of local autonomy sprang up in such a social background. On a local basis, the elite of all walks of life voluntarily and spontaneously set up local social organizations and expand their activities beyond business to the fields of politics, education, local autonomy, social affairs, and so on. As a result, local social organizations play a more and more important role in the practice of local autonomy. As a rational force of social self-organization, local social organizations become the communication intermediary between the government and the people. On the one hand, the government manages the local society with the help of social organizations, on the other hand, social organizations represent the public to supervise the exercise of government power. In the process of bidirectional interaction, there are both cooperation and friction, which change with the strength of both sides and the change of national conditions. The Shanghai Society for the Resistance against the enemy is a social organization in the process of this kind of two-way interaction. The Shanghai Society for the support of the Resistance against the enemy from all walks of life was established at the beginning of the Anti-Japanese War as a cooperative folk anti-Japanese and anti-Japanese rescue group led by the Shanghai local elite, with the participation of members of the municipal party department, municipal government, and the military. It aims at "unifying the will, neatly taking steps and concentrating all efforts to save the nation" and accepts the guidance of the established policy of the Central Committee to raise funds, supply (later changed to consolation), relief, propaganda, transportation, food, technology, protection, and organization. The design and other special committees perform their respective functions and cooperate with each other. At the beginning of the anti-Japanese War, it was able to support the Nationalist government in the battle in Shanghai. Moreover, it extended its work to areas that the wartime government had no time to take care of, taking on part of the functions of the government. The group became a vivid example of the interaction between the government and the local society during the Republic of China.
【学位授予单位】：上海师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K29

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