生态视野下的锡伯渠探微
发布时间：2018-12-26 17:40
【摘要】：地处我国西北边陲的新疆伊犁地区,被称之为“塞上江南”。但由于近年来伊犁地区水土资源不合理的利用,致使伊犁地区生态环境逐渐恶化,十分脆弱。锡伯渠水利基础设施的建设及由此进行的农业开发,对察县生态环境带来了一定的影响。总结历史经验教训,为积极应对当前察县所面临的生态环境问题及促进察县地区经济健康持续发展具有重要的借鉴意义。文章以伊犁察县历史上农业经济的发展为线索,以察县水利工程锡伯渠为考察对象,对其自清代修建至今进行的农业开发与察县的生态环境影响进行了分析及讨论。首先对伊犁察县的概况及锡伯族进驻这一区域后的生活状况做了简要阐述。在此基础上,具体对锡伯渠建设的原因、资金来源、施工情况及规模、清代和民国时期锡伯渠建设产生的生态效益进行了分析。进而对建国以来尤其是改革开放以后锡伯渠的修缮、现代化改造的原因、施工安排、资金来源及其产生的生态影响做了进一步讨论。最后获得以下结论。(1)清代和民国时期,锡伯渠水利基础设施的开发对当时当地的生态环境带来了积极的影响。加强了对自然灾害的抵御能力;扩大了植被覆盖率;促使察县地区农牧皆宜生态系统的形成;提高了伊犁地区的环境承载能力;同时也推动了整个天山北麓地区绿洲景观的出现。(2)建国以来锡伯渠水利工程的修缮及改革开放以后锡伯渠的现代化改造,给察县地区带来了很好的生态效益。扩大了察县地区的植被面积;盐碱地得到改善;区域小气候得到改善;防洪抗旱能力提高。但伴随着农业机械化水平的提高,锡伯渠水利设施的修缮,进而进行的大规模开垦,这种过度农业开发在提高古老灌区农作物产量的同时,对伊犁河南岸生态环境也产生了一些负面的影响。出现土壤次生盐泽化、草场严重退化、土地土质沙漠化及水土流失严重等问题。综上,结合锡伯渠水利工程建设的历史经验教训,为当今建设生态察县,促进察县地区经济健康持续发展提出了一些现实对策。
[Abstract]:Located in the northwest border of our country, Xinjiang Yili area is called "the south of the Yangtze River". However, due to the unreasonable utilization of soil and water resources in Yili area in recent years, the ecological environment in Yili area is gradually deteriorating and very fragile. The construction of water conservancy infrastructure in Xibo canal and the agricultural development have brought some influence to the ecological environment of the county. Summing up the historical experience and lessons, it is of great significance for us to deal with the ecological environmental problems and to promote the healthy and sustainable development of economy in the county. Taking the development of agricultural economy in the history of Yili County as the clue, taking Xibo Canal, a water conservancy project in Za County, as the object of investigation, this paper analyzes and discusses the agricultural development and the ecological environmental impact of the county since the construction of the Qing Dynasty. First of all, the general situation of Yili County and the living conditions of Xibe people in this area are briefly described. On this basis, the causes, sources of funds, construction situation and scale of Xibo canal construction, and ecological benefits of Xibo canal construction in Qing Dynasty and Republic of China were analyzed in detail. Further discussion has been made on the repair of Xibo Canal since the founding of the people's Republic of China, especially after the reform and opening up, the reasons for modernization, the construction arrangement, the source of funds and its ecological impact. Finally, the following conclusions are obtained: (1) during the Qing and the Republic of China, the development of water conservancy infrastructure in Xibo canal had a positive impact on the local ecological environment at that time. It has strengthened the resilience to natural disasters, expanded vegetation coverage, promoted the formation of suitable agro-pastoral ecosystem in Cha County, and improved the environmental carrying capacity of Yili area. At the same time, it also promoted the emergence of the oasis landscape in the northern foothills of Tianshan Mountain. (2) since the founding of the people's Republic of China, the water conservancy project in Xibo Canal and the modernization of Xibo Canal since the reform and opening up have brought good ecological benefits to the area of Chaxian County. The vegetation area of Chaxian area was enlarged, the saline-alkali land was improved, the regional microclimate was improved, and the ability of flood control and drought resistance was improved. However, with the improvement of agricultural mechanization, the renovation of water conservancy facilities in Xibo Canal, and the large-scale reclamation, this kind of excessive agricultural development not only increases the crop yield in ancient irrigation areas, It also has some negative effects on the ecological environment of the south bank of the Yili River. Problems such as secondary salinization of soil, serious degradation of grassland, desertification of land and serious soil erosion and so on. In summary, combining with the historical experience and lessons of water conservancy construction in Xibo Canal, some practical countermeasures are put forward for constructing ecological inspection county and promoting the healthy and sustainable development of economy in this area.
【学位授予单位】：新疆师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TV67;K29
本文编号：2392460
[Abstract]:Located in the northwest border of our country, Xinjiang Yili area is called "the south of the Yangtze River". However, due to the unreasonable utilization of soil and water resources in Yili area in recent years, the ecological environment in Yili area is gradually deteriorating and very fragile. The construction of water conservancy infrastructure in Xibo canal and the agricultural development have brought some influence to the ecological environment of the county. Summing up the historical experience and lessons, it is of great significance for us to deal with the ecological environmental problems and to promote the healthy and sustainable development of economy in the county. Taking the development of agricultural economy in the history of Yili County as the clue, taking Xibo Canal, a water conservancy project in Za County, as the object of investigation, this paper analyzes and discusses the agricultural development and the ecological environmental impact of the county since the construction of the Qing Dynasty. First of all, the general situation of Yili County and the living conditions of Xibe people in this area are briefly described. On this basis, the causes, sources of funds, construction situation and scale of Xibo canal construction, and ecological benefits of Xibo canal construction in Qing Dynasty and Republic of China were analyzed in detail. Further discussion has been made on the repair of Xibo Canal since the founding of the people's Republic of China, especially after the reform and opening up, the reasons for modernization, the construction arrangement, the source of funds and its ecological impact. Finally, the following conclusions are obtained: (1) during the Qing and the Republic of China, the development of water conservancy infrastructure in Xibo canal had a positive impact on the local ecological environment at that time. It has strengthened the resilience to natural disasters, expanded vegetation coverage, promoted the formation of suitable agro-pastoral ecosystem in Cha County, and improved the environmental carrying capacity of Yili area. At the same time, it also promoted the emergence of the oasis landscape in the northern foothills of Tianshan Mountain. (2) since the founding of the people's Republic of China, the water conservancy project in Xibo Canal and the modernization of Xibo Canal since the reform and opening up have brought good ecological benefits to the area of Chaxian County. The vegetation area of Chaxian area was enlarged, the saline-alkali land was improved, the regional microclimate was improved, and the ability of flood control and drought resistance was improved. However, with the improvement of agricultural mechanization, the renovation of water conservancy facilities in Xibo Canal, and the large-scale reclamation, this kind of excessive agricultural development not only increases the crop yield in ancient irrigation areas, It also has some negative effects on the ecological environment of the south bank of the Yili River. Problems such as secondary salinization of soil, serious degradation of grassland, desertification of land and serious soil erosion and so on. In summary, combining with the historical experience and lessons of water conservancy construction in Xibo Canal, some practical countermeasures are put forward for constructing ecological inspection county and promoting the healthy and sustainable development of economy in this area.
【学位授予单位】：新疆师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TV67;K29
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