传统与变迁：工业化背景下的近代济南城市手工业（1901-1937）

发布时间：2019-01-02 09:30

【摘要】：城市的近代变迁是近代中国经济社会变迁的重要组成部分,其中一个重要方面就是城市经济职能由传统城市的消费功能向近代城市的生产功能演进。近代城市是人们重要的生产活动场所,担当着推进工业化的重任。而工业化时代手工业在城市生产领域中依然占有重要的地位,发挥着重要作用。在济南的近代变迁中,城市手工业经历了未曾有过的变化与发展。本文即以近代济南的城市手工业为对象,考察这一变化的原因、内涵以及其对济南经济社会发展的意义,并分析其发展变迁所面临的制约因素。 20世纪前半期济南城市手工业的发展变迁是工业化、市场、商人、政府等多种因素作用下的结果。其中,政府起到了主导作用,市场具有导向作用,商人是手工业发展变迁的主体,而工业化为手工业的发展创造了条件。20世纪前半期,济南城市手工业不仅在数量上有较大发展,且经历了行业结构和生产结构的变化。在技术方面,近代济南城市手工业表现出新旧结合,技术两级分化的局面。随着手工业的发展,手工业的行业组织由行会向同业公会转变,但其内在的转变历程深受济南手工业发展程度的影响。手工业的发展还引起了行业间关系的演变,互补互动性是行业间关系的主流。总而言之,20世纪前半期济南城市手工业在传统中经历着近代变迁,传统与现代的交织是其所具有的时代品质。政治环境动荡、市场条件变化以及资金、技术、人才缺乏等多方面的因素制约着济南城市手工业的近代变迁。济南手工业发展中存在的制约因素表明一个稳定的政治经济环境是经济健康发展的必备条件,创建一个能够推动经济发展的现代型政府以及传统手工业者和商人的近代转型是传统城市在自我转型与发展的过程中亟待解决的问题。城市手工业的近代变迁对济南城市社会经济变迁产生了较大影响。城市手工业的发展造就了“手工业之济南市”,丰富了济南城市工业化的内容。城市手工业的发展吸收大量人口就业,促成了近代济南人口结构的变化。尽管经济的发展没有给手工业工人带来生活上的富足以及财产的占有,社会财富的不平等分配加剧了社会分化,城市手工业工人作为城市下层社会群体而存在。但从社会发展的整体角度,城市手工业提供了大量就业机会,使济南的社会张力得以舒缓,保持了城市社会的基本稳定。
[Abstract]:The modern changes of cities are an important part of the economic and social changes in modern China. One of the important aspects is the evolution of urban economic functions from the consumption functions of traditional cities to the production functions of modern cities. The modern city is an important place for people's production and activities, and plays an important role in promoting industrialization. Handicraft industry still plays an important role in the field of urban production in the industrial era. In the modern vicissitude of Jinan, the city handicraft industry has experienced unprecedented changes and development. This article takes the modern city handicraft industry of Jinan as the object, examines the reason, the connotation and the significance of this change to the economic and social development of Jinan, and analyzes the restrictive factors of its development and vicissitude. In the first half of the 20th century, the development and vicissitude of Jinan city handicraft industry was the result of many factors, such as industrialization, market, businessman, government and so on. Among them, the government played a leading role, the market played a leading role, businessmen were the main body of the development and change of handicraft industry, and industrialization created the conditions for the development of handicraft industry. The handicraft industry in Jinan city has not only developed in quantity, but also experienced the changes of industry structure and production structure. In terms of technology, modern Jinan city handicraft industry showed a new and old combination, two-level differentiation of technology. With the development of handicraft industry, the trade organization of handicraft industry changed from guild to guild, but its internal transformation process was influenced by the degree of handicraft development in Jinan. The development of handicraft industry also leads to the evolution of the relationship between industries, complementary interaction is the mainstream of inter-industry relations. In short, in the first half of the 20th century, the city handicraft industry of Jinan experienced modern changes in tradition, and the interweaving of tradition and modern is the quality of the times. The political environment turbulence, the market condition change as well as the fund, the technology, the talented person and so on many aspects factor restricts the Jinan city handicraft industry modern vicissitude. The restrictive factors in the development of handicraft industry in Jinan indicate that a stable political and economic environment is a necessary condition for the healthy development of economy. To create a modern government which can promote economic development and the modern transformation of traditional craftsmen and businessmen is an urgent problem to be solved in the process of self-transformation and development of traditional cities. The modern changes of urban handicraft industry have a great influence on the social and economic changes of Jinan city. The development of city handicraft industry has brought up Jinan city of handicraft industry and enriched the content of Jinan city industrialization. The development of urban handicraft industry absorbed a large number of population employment, which contributed to the change of population structure in Jinan in modern times. Although the development of economy has not brought wealth to handicraft workers and the possession of property, the unequal distribution of social wealth has aggravated the social differentiation, and the city handicraft workers exist as urban lower social groups. However, from the perspective of social development, urban handicraft industry provides a lot of employment opportunities, so that the social tension in Jinan can be eased, and the basic stability of urban society has been maintained.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K295.2;F429

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