民国四川鸦片产业探析
发布时间：2019-07-09 21:26
【摘要】： 民国时期,四川是我国种植鸦片罂粟、生产鸦片、销售鸦片、吸食鸦片最多最严重的省区,尤其是在四川军阀混战的防区制时期,鸦片产业得到畸形发展,成为四川最重的经济部门。本文着重从经济角度分析研究民国时期四川鸦片产业,论文主要包括前言、正文及结束语。正文分为四个章节: 第一章主要内容是探讨民国四川鸦片产业的历史渊源,考证民国各个时期四川鸦片罂粟种植的主要产区、种植面积以及鸦片年产量概况。论证四川地区在民国各个阶段无论是从种植鸦片罂粟的面积上,还是从鸦片年产量上均为全国之冠。 第二章以民国时期四川鸦片生产加工、贩运销售与消费为主要内容,论述了鸦片从罂粟种植、鸦片生产加工、贩运销售以及消费市场形成的鸦片产业链,并对当时四川鸦片产业的畸形发展情况进行评述。 第三章以民国四川鸦片产业与其它经济部门的关系为重点内容,分别论述了四川鸦片产业与农业、工商业以及财政税收的关系等问题。论证了与鸦片产业相关联的各经济部门均是以获取鸦片高额利润而得到发展;为榨取更高的鸦片税收,四川军政势力不择手段,官商勾结,垄断经营;鸦片税收成为当时四川政府及各派军阀最主要的财政来源之一。同时也论证了鸦片产业及其相关产业的畸形发展,影响了农工商业的正常生产,严重危害了四川社会经济的正常发展,并为此付出了沉重的代价。 第四章主要从民国各个时期实施的鸦片政策和鸦片文化习俗方面,探讨了四川鸦片产业发展变化的原因所在。论证了民国各个时期鸦片政策的不同倾向以及统治者对禁绝鸦片的态度是导致四川鸦片产业畸形发展的重要原因;国家政治长期动荡,国民政府腐败无能,政令不一,四川军阀各自为政,为扩充军备强迫农民种植罂粟,勒索鸦片税收,是四川鸦片产业畸形发展的根本原因;禁烟过程中各级官吏贪赃枉法,官商勾结,从中渔利是四川鸦片产业得以发展的庇护伞;当时部分国人在政局动荡,社会转型时期所出现的灵魂空虚,吸食鸦片则是四川鸦片产业泛滥发展的催化剂。
[Abstract]:During the period of the Republic of China, Sichuan was the province where opium poppy was cultivated, opium was produced, opium was sold and opium was consumed most seriously, especially during the period of warlord melee in Sichuan, the opium industry developed malformed and became the heaviest economic sector in Sichuan. This paper focuses on the analysis and study of Sichuan opium industry from the economic point of view. The thesis mainly includes preface, text and conclusion. The main body is divided into four chapters: the first chapter is to explore the historical origin of opium industry in Sichuan in the Republic of China, and to study the main production areas, planting area and annual opium yield of opium poppy cultivation in Sichuan in each period of the Republic of China. It is proved that Sichuan is the highest in all stages of the Republic of China, both in terms of the area of opium poppy cultivation and the annual opium production. The second chapter takes the opium production and processing, trafficking, sale and consumption of Sichuan opium as the main content, discusses the opium industry chain formed from opium poppy cultivation, opium production and processing, trafficking and sales, as well as the consumption market, and comments on the abnormal development of Sichuan opium industry at that time. The third chapter focuses on the relationship between Sichuan opium industry and other economic departments in the Republic of China, and discusses the relationship between Sichuan opium industry and agriculture, industry and commerce, as well as finance and taxation. It is proved that all the economic departments associated with the opium industry have been developed to obtain high opium profits; in order to extract higher opium taxes, Sichuan military and political forces have unscrupulous means, colluding with officials and businessmen, monopolizing management, and opium tax became one of the most important sources of finance for the Sichuan government and warlords at that time. At the same time, it also demonstrates that the abnormal development of opium industry and its related industries has affected the normal production of agriculture and industry, seriously endangered the normal development of social economy in Sichuan, and paid a heavy price for it. The fourth chapter mainly discusses the reasons for the development and change of opium industry in Sichuan from the aspects of opium policy and opium culture and customs implemented in each period of the Republic of China. This paper demonstrates that the different tendencies of opium policy in each period of the Republic of China and the attitude of rulers towards banning opium are the important reasons for the abnormal development of opium industry in Sichuan, and the root cause of the abnormal development of opium industry in Sichuan is the long-term political instability of the country, the corruption and incompetence of the national government, the different government orders, and the separate policies of Sichuan warlords, forcing farmers to grow opium poppy and extorting opium taxes in order to expand their arms. In the process of banning smoking, officials at all levels corrupt and perverted the law, colluding with officials and businessmen, and profiting from the profits were the sheltered umbrella for the development of Sichuan opium industry. At that time, some Chinese people were in turmoil in the political situation, the soul emptiness appeared in the period of social transformation, and opium smoking was the catalyst for the spread and development of Sichuan opium industry.
【学位授予单位】：四川省社会科学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：K297
本文编号：2512462
[Abstract]:During the period of the Republic of China, Sichuan was the province where opium poppy was cultivated, opium was produced, opium was sold and opium was consumed most seriously, especially during the period of warlord melee in Sichuan, the opium industry developed malformed and became the heaviest economic sector in Sichuan. This paper focuses on the analysis and study of Sichuan opium industry from the economic point of view. The thesis mainly includes preface, text and conclusion. The main body is divided into four chapters: the first chapter is to explore the historical origin of opium industry in Sichuan in the Republic of China, and to study the main production areas, planting area and annual opium yield of opium poppy cultivation in Sichuan in each period of the Republic of China. It is proved that Sichuan is the highest in all stages of the Republic of China, both in terms of the area of opium poppy cultivation and the annual opium production. The second chapter takes the opium production and processing, trafficking, sale and consumption of Sichuan opium as the main content, discusses the opium industry chain formed from opium poppy cultivation, opium production and processing, trafficking and sales, as well as the consumption market, and comments on the abnormal development of Sichuan opium industry at that time. The third chapter focuses on the relationship between Sichuan opium industry and other economic departments in the Republic of China, and discusses the relationship between Sichuan opium industry and agriculture, industry and commerce, as well as finance and taxation. It is proved that all the economic departments associated with the opium industry have been developed to obtain high opium profits; in order to extract higher opium taxes, Sichuan military and political forces have unscrupulous means, colluding with officials and businessmen, monopolizing management, and opium tax became one of the most important sources of finance for the Sichuan government and warlords at that time. At the same time, it also demonstrates that the abnormal development of opium industry and its related industries has affected the normal production of agriculture and industry, seriously endangered the normal development of social economy in Sichuan, and paid a heavy price for it. The fourth chapter mainly discusses the reasons for the development and change of opium industry in Sichuan from the aspects of opium policy and opium culture and customs implemented in each period of the Republic of China. This paper demonstrates that the different tendencies of opium policy in each period of the Republic of China and the attitude of rulers towards banning opium are the important reasons for the abnormal development of opium industry in Sichuan, and the root cause of the abnormal development of opium industry in Sichuan is the long-term political instability of the country, the corruption and incompetence of the national government, the different government orders, and the separate policies of Sichuan warlords, forcing farmers to grow opium poppy and extorting opium taxes in order to expand their arms. In the process of banning smoking, officials at all levels corrupt and perverted the law, colluding with officials and businessmen, and profiting from the profits were the sheltered umbrella for the development of Sichuan opium industry. At that time, some Chinese people were in turmoil in the political situation, the soul emptiness appeared in the period of social transformation, and opium smoking was the catalyst for the spread and development of Sichuan opium industry.
【学位授予单位】：四川省社会科学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：K297
【参考文献】
相关期刊论文 前4条
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