春秋家臣制度研究

发布时间：2017-12-30 19:29

本文关键词：春秋家臣制度研究　出处：《陕西师范大学》2010年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

更多相关文章： 春秋时期 家臣制 职官系统 宗法性

【摘要】： 春秋时期的家臣制是古代中国臣僚形态由族臣到朝臣转化过程中的重要阶段。对这一问题的探讨是研究中国古代官制的发展演变和社会变革所必不可少的部分。国内学者对此问题的研究虽然取得了不小的成果,但缺乏对家臣的起源、发展、衰亡这一完整的演变过程的探究,不能完整地认识家臣制度所反映出的社会历史内涵。本文在吸取前人成果的基础上,力图对春秋家臣职官系统的变化进行研究,从而对春秋家臣制的整个发展趋势有更清醒的认识。文章主要分为四个部分：第一部分,对春秋家臣制的渊源——西周家臣制的形成及主要内容进行简单的研究。首先探讨了西周家臣的形成。其后,根据金文材料总结出西周家臣制的宗法性特点和家臣职官系统模仿周王室官僚体系的特点。第二部分,对春秋家臣的设置和职司进行了研究。首先分析了春秋家臣职官系统发展的原因,即春秋以来分封权力下移,“诸侯立家”,卿大夫家政权实力的发展使得其内部的家臣.职官系统也得到巨大发展。其后对卿大夫“朝”的发展、家朝家臣的设置及职司、采邑家臣的设置及职司分别进行探讨,这反映出春秋时期家臣职官系统进一步发展,并向新的官僚体系转化。第三部分,对春秋家臣宗法性表现出的复杂状态进行研究,这一时期家臣的宗法性既有延续又有变革。这里,首先分析了影响春秋家臣宗法性的背景因素——卿大夫家族宗法制的存在与衰落。其后对反映家臣宗法性的各个方面的状况进行探讨：第一,在宗法性家臣存在的同时,非宗法性家臣也大量出现,并且任用有才德的非宗法性家臣逐渐成为卿大夫择才的趋势；第二,探讨了家臣对家主依附性的存在与变革。第三,对家主控制臣下的三种方式进行了分析比较。通过对以上问题的研究,可以看出春秋时期家臣的宗法性正逐渐衰弱,新的用人标准与新的主臣关系的形成也预示着传统家臣制度走向瓦解,新的官僚制度正在形成。第四部分,对家臣制度的瓦解及其与战国官僚制度的关系进行了初步的探讨。笔者认为：春秋末期战国初期,随着分封制的瓦解,卿大夫阶层的衰落,家臣制最终走向灭亡。但是由于一些卿大夫战胜旧公室成为新君主,他们原来的家臣自然成为新国家的官僚,而春秋时期已经发展了的家臣职官系统便成为新的官僚系统,摆脱了宗法性的主臣关系也成为了新的君臣关系。由此,家臣制便成为战国官僚制形成的重要途径。
[Abstract]:The spring and Autumn period is an important stage in the transformation process of retainer system of ancient China officials by the race officials to form courtiers. The discussion of this issue is essential for development and social change of Chinese ancient system part of the domestic scholars. This issue has made no small achievement, but the lack of the origin of. The development and evolution of the decline on the whole, cannot know the complete retainer system reflects the social and historical connotation. This paper is based on the previous research, research to change on the spring retainer system, so as to have a clear understanding of the development trend of spring retainer system.
The article is divided into four parts: the first part: the formation of the Western Zhou Dynasty, retainer system and main contents of the origin of the spring retainer system for simple research. First discusses the formation of the Western Zhou Dynasty vassal. Subsequently, according to the inscriptions in Western Zhou Dynasty summed up the characteristics of the patriarchal system of retainers and his official system mimics Zhou Royal bureaucracy.
The second part, in the spring and Autumn period set retainer and duty are studied. First analyzes the reasons for the development of spring retainer system, namely the spring and Autumn Period feudal power down, "Zhu Hou Li Jia", the development of the strength of the bureaucrats regime makes its internal vassals. Official system has got great development. Then the bureaucrats "the development in retainer settings and functions, settings and functions respectively. A discussion, which reflects the further development of retainer system in the spring and Autumn period, and transformed into the new bureaucratic system.
The third part conducts the research to the spring retainer patriarchal exhibit complex, patriarchal retainers in this period is a continuation and change. Here, first analyzes the influencing factors of spring and autumn and fall in the background of the patriarchal retainers bureaucrats family patriarchal patriarchal retainers. Subsequently to reflect all aspects of the situation discussion: first, in the presence of patriarchal retainers and non patriarchal retainers also appeared in large numbers, and the appointment of Chafford's non patriarchal retainers gradually become bureaucrats to choose the trend; second, discusses the retainer on the master of the house there is attachment and change of. Third, three ways to control the liege lord were analyzed and compared. Through the above research, we can see that the patriarchal vassal in the spring and Autumn period is gradually weakened, the formation of new employment standards and the new master's relationship also indicates that the traditional family The system of Ministers is disintegrating and the new bureaucratic system is being formed.
The fourth part, a preliminary discussion on the collapse of the retainer system and its relationship with the bureaucracy of the Warring States period. The author thinks that the end of the spring and Autumn Warring States period, the collapse of the feudal system, the decline of bureaucrat stratum, retainer system ultimately doomed. But due to some bureaucrats defeated the old office to become the new monarch, their original nature. A new national bureaucrat, retainer system and the spring and Autumn period has already developed become bureaucratic system, get rid of the patriarchal nature of the master's relationship has become the new monarch. Thus, retainer system became an important way for the formation of the Warring States of the bureaucracy.

【学位授予单位】：陕西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：K225

【引证文献】