墓志资料所见唐代归葬习俗研究

发布时间：2018-01-20 22:54

本文关键词： 墓志唐代归葬　出处：《华东师范大学》2010年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 中国历来重视丧葬仪礼,对于“死”的重视丝毫不亚于“生”。丧葬礼仪中又十分讲究“寿终正寝”、“死得其所”,如果不幸没有“死得其所”,那么就会有“归葬”的发生,即运回故乡葬于祖茔。归葬作为中国古代丧葬习俗的一种,反映了当时社会人们对死亡的观念,对家族、家乡的重视。而乡里、宗族等地缘血缘关系在六朝隋唐时代具有特别重要的地位,对归葬习俗的研究对唐代社会史研究有着重要的意义。然而国内外却鲜有专题著作或论文进行研究,多在研究丧葬时作为其中一节附带论及。本文试图广泛搜集出土的唐人墓志资料,以之为主要资料来源,并参以唐人文集和《全唐文》等文献资料所载唐人墓志,结合笔记小说资料,在前人基础上对唐代归葬习俗进行研究。全文共分为五章,绪论进行学术史回顾和提出问题。第一章分为三节,界定归葬的定义、探析归葬的起源以及追述唐以前归葬。本文通过驳议前人和时贤对归葬的定义,结合唐人墓志上所反映的情况,认为归葬指人死于外,将其运回故乡葬于祖茔。第二节探析归葬起源,认为归葬起源于原始社会族葬习俗。第三节追述唐以前归葬习俗,发现归葬习俗是我国传统丧葬习俗的一种。第二章四个小节,分别探讨了归葬出现的原因、归葬的时间、地点及上族归葬之地的变化。归葬出现的原因主要有五类。唐人对于归葬时间的选择,受经济条件、路途远近、风水术、季节、政治因素等方面的影响。而归葬的地点,一般为祖上世居之地,如果发生改变,说明其家族重心发生了变化,由此即可推及社会之变迁。唐代士族归葬之地相对于前代有很大变化,士族多归葬于两京地区及城市地区。士族仍在唐代官员中占很大比例,而官员归葬之地又受仕宦之地的影响。唐中后期,上族大量南迁,虽很多在战争平息后南迁,但是仍有部分留葬于南方,使归葬之地再次发生变化。而越到后期,返葬北方者越少,反映南迁士族对南方的认同感增强。第三章两个小节,探讨了归葬经费的来源及归葬的艰难。归葬经费的充足对于归葬的成功进行起着关键的作用。唐人对归葬经费的筹措,方法一般有四种：官予经费、家人自筹、他人馈赠、结社。归葬的过程也异常艰难,唐人甚至有在护丧归葬途中死去的案例。第四章唐代妇女、僧尼的归葬。妇女出嫁便成为夫家家族成员,僧尼信奉“出家无家”,这两类人应该都不葬于归葬祖茔的,但是在唐代却有不少异例。本章通过对墓志资料中妇女、僧尼的归葬异例进行分类,探析其原因。第五章唐代归葬盛行及唐人对归葬的重视。第一节通过多角度分析了唐代归葬习俗的盛行。第二节通过唐人墓志上描述发现唐人对归葬的重视。总之,唐代归葬习俗较于前代有延续性,传统士族仍十分重视归葬；但也有变化和独特性,士族不再归葬乡里原籍,僧尼、妇女归葬本家是其新情况。笔者才疏学浅,文中不成熟之见与不足之处,期待学者专家,不吝指正。
[Abstract]:China has always attached great importance to funeral rites, the "death" attention is no less than "life". The funeral rite is very exquisite and "die", "no" if It is a worthy death., unfortunately, so there will be It is a worthy death. "" bury ", which is home to bury. In Ying as a China ancient funeral customs that reflects the social awareness of the concept of death, the family home, attention. While rural clan, geopolitical relationship plays an important role in the study of the Sui and Tang Dynasties, Guizang customs has an important significance for the study of social history of the Tang Dynasty. However, research at home and abroad but few monographs or papers. In the study of funeral as one day with some. This paper tries to collect unearthed epitaphs, as the main source of information, and combining with Chinese essays and" full tang " The information contained in epitaphs, with sketches, based on the previous research on the Tang Dynasty Guizang customs. The thesis is divided into five chapters, academic history review and put forward the question of the introduction.
The first chapter is divided into three sections, the definition on the origin of Guizang and back on before the Tang Dynasty. This paper refute former definition of Guizang, combined with reflected epitaphs on the situation, think Guizang refers to people died, the home was buried in section second of Guizang Ying. The origin, Guizang thought originated in the primitive family burial customs. The third section goes before Tang Guizang found on custom, custom is a kind of Chinese traditional funeral customs.
The second chapter four section, discussed the reason on the change on time, place and family on the land. There are five main reasons of Guizang appeared. On the choice of time for people, affected by the economic conditions, long distance, fengshui, season, political factors and other aspects. While on location, usually lived in the family, if changed, that changed the family center, which can be extended to social changes. On the Tang Dynasty nobles have great changes compared to the previous generation, the multi Guizang and Beijing city two area. The gentry still accounts for a large proportion of officials in the Tang Dynasty while officials of Guizang, and affected by the official place. In the middle and late Tang Dynasty, family moved south, although many in the South after the war, but some still remain buried in the south, to bury the change again. And more to the latter, buried back north Party less, reflect the south to the southern gentry enhance the sense of identity.
The third chapter two section, discusses the source and Guizang Guizang funding difficult. Guizang funds enough for the success of Guizang plays a key role on raising funds. Tang Guizang, there were four methods: Official funding to family, self, others gift Association. Burial also extremely difficult to process the Tang Dynasty, and even died in bury way protect funeral case.
The fourth chapter of women in the Tang Dynasty, Buddhist monks and nuns Guizang. Married women will become the family members of the family, and believe in "no monk", these two people should not be buried in the tombs of Guizang, but there are many different cases in the Tang Dynasty. This chapter of the women's epitaph data, Guizang different cases of monks and nuns were classified. Analysis of the reason.
The fifth chapter of the Tang Dynasty and Tang Guizang prevalent attention to Guizang. The first section through the multi angle analysis of the Tang Dynasty Guizang customs prevalent. Second section through the description of epitaphs found values to bury.
In short, the Tang Dynasty Guizang compared to the previous generation has custom continuity, the traditional gentry still attaches great importance to bury; but there are also changes and uniqueness, no longer on the origin of gentry, monks and nuns, women Guizang clan is the new situation. In this paper, I have little talent and less learning not mature, and deficiencies, experts expect, hesitate to correct me.

【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：K242

【引证文献】