《琉球三策》与《朝鲜策略》的比较

发布时间：2018-01-28 12:55

本文关键词： 琉球三策朝鲜策略何如璋黄遵宪　出处：《延边大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：琉球和朝鲜在明清时期就一直是与中国交往最为密切的朝贡国,两者都作为藩属国向中国朝贡和贸易往来,中朝、中琉之间维系着睦邻友好的关系。降及近代,琉球和朝鲜都受到了西方列强尤其是日本的不断侵扰,朝贡国日渐遭到蚕食,清朝的朝贡体系不断受到冲击,岌岌可危。面对如此危机,中国近代的外交使臣们何如璋、黄遵宪等人提出了《琉球三策》与《朝鲜策略》来应对。《琉球三策》推动了照会事件和外国调停的实现,而《朝鲜策略》则推动了黄遵宪与朝鲜修信史金弘集的笔谈以及《朝美通商条约》的签订。通过对《琉球三策》和《朝鲜策略》的微观对比研究,我们发现,造成清政府无法保护琉球和朝鲜的共同原因是日本侵台事件、俄国自始至终的干扰以及日本实力的不断扩大,多种方面的因素共同导致了清政府无法保存住琉球和朝鲜。同时,清朝在对待琉球与朝鲜有着不同的态度,这种差异性体现在:不同的军事战略、从支展到积极应对、从勿与交通到各国通商三个方面,这种差异性映射出清政府外交政策的发展与变化:相比在琉球争端中,清政府更加积极地去力保朝鲜不失,其外交战略要比琉球时期更加主动与成熟。通过对两策略的分析对比,我们能够看到其中的相同与不同影响:相同影响有,一是朝鲜虽相比于琉球时期,清朝的外交更加主动,但都反映了清朝东亚外交意识的觉醒,二是不管是《琉球三策》还是《朝鲜策略》,正是由于在琉球和朝鲜前后两时期对外情报收集工作的不足,使得策略不够精细和针对性,难以挽救两朝贡国的丧失;不同影响包括,一是失去琉球和朝鲜,导致清政府前沿缓冲地带的缺失:丢琉球——东南沿海无屏障,失朝鲜——中国大陆直接暴露于列强面前,清朝形势越来越危急;二是《琉球三策》所体现的是清朝的"被动面对",而《朝鲜策略》所体现的是"主动解决",从《琉球三策》提出并施行的"被动调停"到《朝鲜策略》提出并落实的"主动签约",清朝对外关系的实践有了一次巨大的飞跃变化,这种变化是以往所没有的。
[Abstract]:Ryukyu and Korea had been the most closely related tributary countries to China in the Ming and Qing dynasties. Both were tributes and trade contacts to China as vassal states. China and Korea maintained good-neighborly and friendly relations and modern times. Ryukyu and North Korea were constantly harassed by Western powers, especially Japan, the tributary country was increasingly eroded, and the tributary system of the Qing Dynasty was constantly affected and perilous. Faced with such a crisis, Ryukyu and North Korea were confronted with such a crisis. Chinese diplomatic envoys he Ruzhang and Huang Zunxian put forward "Ryukyu three policies" and "Korean Strategy" to deal with them. The "Ryukyu three policies" promoted the realization of note events and foreign mediation. "Korea Strategy" promoted the written talk between Huang Zunxian and Kim Hong of Korea, and the signing of "DPRK-US Trade Treaty". Through the microcosmic comparative study of "Ryukyu three policies" and "Korean Strategy", we found that. The common cause of the Qing government's inability to protect Ryukyu and Korea was the Japanese invasion of Taiwan, Russian interference from beginning to end and the constant expansion of Japanese power. A variety of factors led to the Qing government can not preserve Ryukyu and Korea. At the same time, the Qing Dynasty in the treatment of Ryukyu and North Korea have different attitudes, this difference is reflected in: different military strategies. From support to positive response, from transportation to trade, this difference reflects the development and changes of Qing government's foreign policy: compared with the Ryukyu dispute. The Qing government was more active to protect North Korea, and its diplomatic strategy was more active and mature than the Ryukyu period. Through the analysis and comparison of the two strategies, we can see the same and different influence: the same influence. One is that North Korea's diplomacy was more active than Ryukyu period, but all reflected the awakening of diplomatic consciousness in East Asia of Qing Dynasty, and the second was whether it was "Ryukyu three policies" or "Korean Strategy". It is precisely because of the lack of foreign intelligence collection in Ryukyu and North Korea that the strategy is not precise and targeted, and it is difficult to save the loss of the two tributary countries. The different influences include the loss of Ryukyu and North Korea, which led to the loss of the front buffer zone of Qing government: the loss of Ryukyu-no barrier in the southeast coast, and the direct exposure of mainland China to the foreign powers. The situation of Qing Dynasty is becoming more and more critical; Second, the "three policies of Ryukyu" embodies the "passive face" of the Qing Dynasty, while the "Korean Strategy" embodies the "active settlement". From "passive mediation" put forward and implemented by "three policies of Ryukyu" to "active contract" put forward and implemented by "Korea Strategy", the practice of foreign relations in Qing Dynasty has undergone a great leap forward. The change was unprecedented.
【学位授予单位】：延边大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K248

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