宋代家训与社会秩序的关系研究

发布时间：2018-02-20 05:02

本文关键词： 家训社会秩序社会规范家国同构右文政策　出处：《安徽大学》2010年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 群体生活是社会生活的本质,社会秩序是社会的一种内在需求。社会规范是社会秩序的核心,社会秩序的实现以稳定的社会规范为前提,社会规范不仅仅包括法律、法规等正式规范,还包括道德、习俗等非正式观念。家训作为一种传统文化,是一定历史条件下社会意识的反映。宋代社会处在封建社会变迁的关键时刻,整个社会存在建立稳定社会秩序的需要。宋代家训正是这种非正式规范的一种体现,宋代家训的繁荣很好地促进了宋代社会秩序的实现。自西周产生家训之后,名称虽多种多样,但是内容和形式一直稳定地丰富发展,并逐渐走向成熟。宋代是我国家训文化繁荣的重要时期,现在留存的有很多著名的家训,也是我们研究宋代文化的重要史料之一。宋代家训的作者主要是当时的文人士大夫,从思想意识上来看,宋代家训是儒家文化的具体化,儒家云“修身,齐家,治国”,宋代家训作为家庭教育的规范,主要包括这三方面的内容。从个体的角度看,主要包括勉学重教、中庸处世和遵守礼俗三个方面的规范。传统社会中家庭承担着更多的社会功能,家庭是个体社会化的主要场所。宋代家训作为一种非正式规范在个体由生物人转变为社会人的过程中起着重要的作用。家庭是社会的细胞,封建大家庭是小家庭的有机组合,家庭秩序的稳定对于社会秩序的稳定有着重要的意义。宋代家训赋予家长权威保证家长权力的实施,进而实现家庭的长幼之序,同时以男权为核心构建一种男尊女卑的性别秩序。家国同构的社会背景之下,家长权力是君主权力的一种浓缩。宋代家训中,孝忠一体,孝悌观念延升为忠君爱国的思想规范。统治阶级通过宋代家训,以温情脉脉的宗法血缘关系为依托,构建的是一种森严的等级秩序。传统文化的沃壤、宋代经济以及印刷等科技的发展为宋代家训的发展奠定了坚实的基础。宋前长期社会动乱造成宋代社会结构的变迁与社会规范的破坏,一方面,传统门阀士族逐渐衰落,代之而起的是官僚地主与庶族地主,相对频繁的社会流动使得他们的政治经济地位的相对不稳定,使得他们需要通过家训来教育子孙维持家族的发展,宋代同居大家庭内部事务繁琐,人际关系复杂,客观上也需要家训来维持家庭秩序的稳定；另一方面,传统社会规范在宋前的社会动乱当中遭到严重的怕破坏,整个社会普遍处在一种社会失序的危险当中,官方与民间存在一种建立新的礼法规范的需要。社会规范的破坏与重建是宋代家训繁荣的另一个原因。此外,宋代家训的繁荣也与宋代尚文的政治策略分不开,宋代加强集权以后,加强文化控制,宋代家训是统治阶级灌输封建文化的一个切实可行的有效手段。宋代家训作为一种时代的产物,客观上促进了宋代社会秩序的实现。作为家庭教育的范本,使得封建家庭的教育有了稳定的规范,真个社会普遍重视子孙后代的文化教育与道德培养,客观上促进了社会成员素质的提高；宋代家训的繁荣也便于家庭事务与人际关系的管理,促进家庭的稳定。而家庭的稳定也必然会促进社会的稳定。宋代家训是主流文化——儒家文化的一种反映,宋代家训宣扬的也是儒家的伦理思想,宋代家训的价值观念也不可避免地存在为封建统治阶级辩护的倾向。家训的说教以血缘关系为依托,很好地促进代了代表统治阶级利益的社会规范的传播。宋代加强了文化控制的手段,宋代家训的发展适应统治阶级的需要。封建礼法观念的传播能促进统治阶级社会控制的实现,促进社会秩序的稳定。宋代家训的繁荣虽然促进了社会秩序的实现,但是作为一种封建文化的产物,也存在着一定的局限性。宋代家训贯穿的是一种封建宗法观念,不可避免地体现长幼有序、男尊女卑等封建等级思想,最终只能沦为封建统治阶级奴役人民的工具,社会秩序的实现是以牺牲大多数人的权益为代价。此外,宋代家训还宣扬儒家的中庸保守思想,整个社会缺乏创新意识,极大地阻碍了社会经济、科技与文化的发展。
[Abstract]:Group life is the essence of social life, social order is an inherent demand of the society. Social norms are the core of social order, the realization of social order to regulate the stability of society is the premise of social norms include not only laws, regulations and other formal specification, including ethics, customs and other informal ideas. Family as a kind of traditional culture that is the reflection of social consciousness under certain historical conditions. The critical moment of social change in feudal society, the whole society need to establish a stable social order. The Song Dynasty family is a reflection of the informal norms, the prosperity of the Song family instructions is good to accelerate the realization of the social order of song.
After the instructions generated from the Western Zhou, the name is varied, but the content and form has been enriched and developed steadily, and gradually mature. Song Dynasty is an important period for China's cultural prosperity of the family, now retained many famous family, one of the important historical data is our study of the Song Dynasty culture.
Is the main author of the Song Dynasty family at the time of the literati, from the ideological point of view, the Song Dynasty family concrete Confucian culture, Confucian "self-cultivation, regulating the family, governing the cloud", the Song Dynasty family as the standards of family education, which mainly includes three aspects. From the Perspective of individuals, including mianxue teachers the world, and abide by the three aspects of etiquette norms. Family in traditional society assume more social functions, the family is the main place for individual socialization. The Song Dynasty family as an informal specification in the individual from biological person to social person plays an important role. The family is the cell of society, feudal the family is the organic combination of small family, family order and stability is of great significance for the stability of the social order. The family instructions give parents the authority to ensure the implementation of the parental power, so as to realize the family The pecking order, at the same time as the core of the male gender order to construct a patriarchal social background. Under the isomorphic, parental power is the concentration of sovereign power. The Song Dynasty family, filial piety and loyalty, filial piety and extension of ideological norms being patriotic. The ruling class through the Song Dynasty to the patriarchal family motto, full of tender feelings based on the blood relationship, construct a strict hierarchical order.
Fertile soil of traditional culture, the development of economy in Song Dynasty and printing technology has laid a solid foundation for the development of the Song Dynasty family. The long-term social upheaval caused the change of social structure and the damage of social norms, on the one hand, the traditional Menfa gradually decline, replaced by bureaucratic landlords and landlords, society flow relatively frequently makes their political and economic status is relatively unstable, so they need to educate their children to maintain family development through family, family living together family internal affairs cumbersome and complicated interpersonal relationship, objectively also need instructions to maintain family order and stability; on the other hand, the traditional social norms have been seriously afraid in the song before the destruction of social unrest, the whole society is a dangerous social disorder, the official and the folk there is a new legal norm needs. Destruction and reconstruction of social norms is another reason for the prosperity of the Song Dynasty family. In addition, the Song Dynasty family prosperity and the politics of the Song Dynasty is still not open, after the Song Dynasty to strengthen the centralization of power, strengthen the cultural control, the Song Dynasty family is a practical and effective means of feudal ruling class culture.
The Song Dynasty family as a product of the times, the objective to promote the realization of the social order. As a model of family education, making the feudal family education a stable social norms, really pay more attention to moral education and cultural education of future generations, the objective to promote the improvement of the quality of social members; the Song Dynasty family prosperity it is suitable for family affairs and interpersonal relationship management, promoting family stability. The stability of the family will certainly promote social stability. The Song Dynasty family is the mainstream culture -- a reflection of Confucian culture, ethics of the Song Dynasty family declared and Confucian values, the Song Dynasty family also inevitably tend to defend the feudal the ruling class of the family. Preaching of kinship support, effectively promote the generation of the representative of the interests of the ruling class of social norms. The Song Dynasty strengthened the cultural dissemination The means of control, the development of the Song Dynasty family to adapt to the needs of the ruling class. The spread of the feudal concept of etiquette can promote the realization of social control of the ruling class, to improve the stability of social order.
The Song Dynasty family prosperity while promoting the realization of the social order, but as a product of feudal culture, there are also some limitations. The Song Dynasty family is a feudal patriarchal concept, inevitably reflect the patriarchal feudal hierarchy and seniority, etc., will become the feudal ruling class enthralment tool implementation the social order is at the expense of the interests of most people. In addition, the Song Dynasty family also preached Confucian conservative ideas, lack of innovation consciousness of the whole society, which greatly hindered the development of social economy, technology and culture.

【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：K244

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