明代礼部教化功能研究

发布时间：2018-03-09 14:16

本文选题：礼部　切入点：教化　出处：《南开大学》2012年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：古代中国素以礼仪之邦闻名于世，礼乐教化是治理社会的重要手段。隋唐以后，礼部成为掌管礼仪的专职机构，负有教化天下的重要功能。明初朱元璋废除中书省和丞相，六部直接向皇帝负责，礼部权力得到提升，职权范围也大大为扩展，礼部的教化功能也表现得比较充分。明代中后期，商品经济的发展和中西交往的扩大引起了一系列社会变迁，这给传统的礼部教化带来了挑战。本文以明代礼部为研究对象，探讨其教化功能及在社会变迁中的表现，揭示其在明代统治中的地位，有助于加深对明代历史的了解。明代礼部主要从内在的思想与外在的行为两个方面施行教化。一是控制引导思想文化，社会思想文化包含着大众的人生观、价值观，在很大程度上影响着人们的行为，，明代礼部极力控制引导社会的思想文化，其措施主要是灌输正统观念、监督学校教育、控制科举考试、引导社会思想等。二是规范约束日常行为，人们的日常行为直接与社会秩序相关联，礼部教化在这方面的工作是规范约束，其措施主要是以礼仪规范行为、明赏罚以示劝导、约束异端等。程朱理学是礼部教化的指导思想，它集中体现了统治阶级的意志，为明代统治提供了思想保证。礼部教化是明代统治体系中不可缺少的环节，它与刑法相结合，形成了严密的社会控制，在维护社会秩序方面起到了重要作用。明代中后期，礼部教化面临新挑战。面对社会变迁的冲击，礼部一方面固守传统，坚持原来的教化体系，不断重申有关礼制规定，以维护统治阶层的利益和社会秩序的稳定，但另一方面又在在形势发展的压力下，不得不被迫做出有限的调整，如对阳明心学的接纳、对西历的吸收利用等，以维持教化的局面。总体而言，明代中后期的礼部教化已经显得力不从心，对社会秩序的维护作用也在不断降低。
[Abstract]:Ancient China was well known as a state of courtesy, and ritual and music education was an important means to govern society. After the Sui and Tang dynasties, the etiquette department became a professional institution in charge of etiquette, which had the important function of educating the world. Zhu Yuanzhang abolished the state of writing and the prime minister in the early Ming Dynasty. The six departments are directly responsible to the emperor, the power of the ministry of etiquette has been promoted, the terms of reference have been greatly expanded, and the enlightenment function of the ministry of etiquette has also been shown to be quite adequate. The development of commodity economy and the expansion of communication between China and the West have caused a series of social changes, which have brought challenges to the traditional etiquette ministry. Revealing its position in the Ming Dynasty helps to deepen the understanding of the Ming Dynasty history. The etiquette department of the Ming Dynasty mainly practiced enlightenment from two aspects: internal thought and external behavior. One is to control and guide the ideological culture. The social ideological culture contains the people's outlook on life and values, which to a great extent affects people's behavior. In the Ming Dynasty, the Ministry of Rites tried its best to control the ideology and culture that guided the society. Its measures were mainly to inculcate orthodox ideas, supervise school education, control imperial examinations, guide social thoughts, etc. The second was to regulate and restrain daily behavior. People's daily behavior is directly related to the social order. The work of etiquette education in this respect is to regulate and restrain, and its measures are mainly to regulate the behavior of etiquette, to reward and punish to show persuasion, It embodies the will of the ruling class and provides the ideological guarantee for the rule of the Ming Dynasty. It is an indispensable link in the ruling system of the Ming Dynasty, and it is combined with the criminal law. The formation of strict social control, in the maintenance of social order has played an important role. In the middle and late Ming Dynasty, the etiquette ministry was faced with new challenges. Facing the impact of the social changes, the etiquette ministry, on the one hand, adhered to the tradition, adhered to the original system of education, and reiterated the relevant rules and regulations constantly in order to maintain the interests of the ruling class and the stability of the social order. But on the other hand, under the pressure of the development of the situation, they had to make limited adjustments, such as the acceptance of Yangming's psychology, the absorption and utilization of the Western calendar, and so on, in order to maintain the situation of enlightenment. In the middle and late Ming Dynasty, the etiquette education has been unable to meet the demand, and the maintenance of social order has been decreasing.
【学位授予单位】：南开大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D691;K248

【参考文献】