明清商人会馆的经济学分析

发布时间：2018-03-10 16:17

本文选题：商人会馆　切入点：中间组织　出处：《辽宁大学》2012年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：明清这两个朝代是封建社会当中极为重要的时期，是封建经济的最后阶段，这一时期经济和社会变迁剧烈，，文化和价值观的冲突不断显现。处于这一历史时期的商人会馆，作为一种中间组织，它建立起政府与市场、市场与企业间的沟通桥梁，它对于商人、政府乃至明清社会都产生深远的影响。这样的中间组织，比如今天的行业协会、商会等，对于现代市场经济的发展具有积极的作用，尤其在我国加入世界贸易组织之后，随着经济结构的进一步调整，各方的利益关系协调成为重要课题。学术界对于会馆的研究大多从史学的角度加以分析，更多侧重其同乡组织或同业组织的特征。另外，学者更多地是把会馆研究放在明清史研究中的一部分，而不是单独作为很重要的内容来进行深入研究。部分学者借助一些经济学方法，但基本局限于描述性的分析，并没有形成很好的理论架构来解释会馆这一组织的存在机理、对商帮的影响及与政府间关系等内容。本文采用归纳分析与演绎分析方法相结合、规范分析与实证分析相结合、历史分析方法与逻辑推理方法相结合以及组织和制度分析方法，得出如下结论：通过对商人会馆的考察，从资源配置模式的视角，将其界定为中间组织，分为两个方面，一是居于政府与市场之间，二是居于市场与企业之间；商人会馆通过戏曲演出和神灵祭祀等形式，实现较好的内部治理；会馆是中国明清传统社会下官商关系博弈的一种制度选择，商人会馆体现出商人对权贵资本或政府的高度依赖性，而政府借商人会馆对商人加以控制和利用；从会馆到公所组织形式的变化，体现出诱致性制度变迁，而从公所到商会，则体现出强制性制度变迁。论文的篇章结构和主要内容设置如下：第一章是导论部分，介绍关于会馆和商人会馆的国内外研究现状，介绍研究思路和研究方法，并指出本文的创新点和不足。第二章对商人会馆进行了界定，并介绍商人会馆的兴起及其地域分布特征，并论述了商人会馆形成的经济和社会背景及思想与政策背景。第三章探讨了商人会馆的性质，指出其为中间组织，并对其形成的机制进行了分析，指出商人会馆与其它组织之间的区别，并分析其职能。第四章对组织的基本构成加以分析，并结合治理理论分析了商人会馆内部治理，并进一步指出商人会馆的内部激励问题。第五章运用博弈论分析方法，构建基于会馆的官商博弈模型分析，探讨官商关系的实质与动态演变。第六章基于诱致性制度变迁和强制性制度变迁理论探讨商人会馆到公所以及商会的组织形式的演变。第七章说明研究结论，并提出政策启示。
[Abstract]:The Ming and Qing dynasties were the most important period in feudal society and the last stage of feudal economy. During this period, the economic and social changes were intense, and the conflicts of culture and values appeared constantly. The Merchants Guild was in this historical period. As an intermediate organization, it establishes a bridge between the government and the market and between the market and the enterprises. It has a profound impact on businessmen, the government and even the society of the Ming and Qing dynasties. Such intermediate organizations, such as today's trade associations, chambers of commerce, and so on, It plays an active role in the development of modern market economy, especially after China's entry into WTO, with the further adjustment of economic structure, the coordination of the interests of all parties becomes an important subject. Most of the academic research on guild hall is analyzed from the perspective of history, and more emphasis is placed on the characteristics of their fellow citizens' organizations or similar organizations. In addition, scholars put the study of guild halls in the history of the Ming and Qing dynasties as a part of the study. Some scholars, with the aid of some economic methods, have basically limited themselves to descriptive analysis and have not formed a good theoretical framework to explain the existence mechanism of this organization. Influence on the business group and the relationship between the government and other content. This paper combines inductive analysis with deductive analysis, normative analysis with empirical analysis, historical analysis with logical reasoning and organizational and institutional analysis. The conclusions are as follows: from the perspective of the resource allocation model, it is defined as the intermediate organization through the investigation of the Merchants Guild, which is divided into two aspects: one is between the government and the market, the other is between the market and the enterprise; The Merchants Guild is a kind of system choice in the traditional society of the Ming and Qing dynasties, which realizes better internal governance by performing opera and offering sacrifices to gods and spirits. The Merchants Guild reflects the high dependence of the merchant on the capital or the government, and the government controls and utilizes the merchant through the Merchants Guild. The change of the organization form from the Guild to the House reflects the induced institutional change, and from the Chamber of Commerce to the Chamber of Commerce. It reflects the change of compulsory system. The text structure and main contents of the thesis are as follows:. The first chapter is the introduction part, introduces the domestic and foreign research status, introduces the research ideas and research methods, and points out the innovation and deficiency of this paper. Chapter two defines the Merchant Guild Hall. It also introduces the rise of Merchants Guild and its regional distribution, and discusses the economic and social background and ideological and policy background of the formation of Merchants Guild. Chapter three discusses the nature of Merchants Guild, and points out that it is an intermediate organization. It also analyzes the mechanism of its formation, points out the difference between the Merchants Guild and other organizations, and analyzes its functions. Chapter 4th analyzes the basic constitution of the organization, and analyzes the internal governance of the Merchants Guild with the theory of governance. And further points out the internal incentive problem of the Merchants Guild. Chapter 5th uses the game theory analysis method to construct the government-business game model analysis based on the clubhouse. Chapter 6th, based on the theory of inductive institutional change and mandatory institutional change, discusses the evolution of the organizational form from merchant associations to public offices and chambers of commerce. Chapter 7th explains the conclusions of the research and puts forward the policy implications.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：K248;F203

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