空间、时间与经济理性——从中国史通识教材的编写说起

发布时间：2018-03-31 09:37

本文选题：中国史　切入点：空间　出处：《学术月刊》2011年09期

【摘要】：丰富的新石器考古揭示中国境内文明起源呈现满天星斗、八方雄起、天下万国的壮观场面。部族混合杂处与相互交融冲突最活跃的"中原"是当时最先进的地区,长江流域屈居其后。经小统、中统,至秦始皇灭六国,以中原为核心实现"大一统"的局势就水到渠成。实现"大一统"之后,历史的空间运动并没有停止。依靠着"大一统"特有的空间广阔优势,中国古代社会历经多样艰难,周旋于巨大的空间里,用新的发展弥补旧有的不发展,活力始终不衰。说两千年里中国的历史时间"超稳定"地凝固在一个节点上停滞不动,是只知其一不知其二。借用社会结构变迁理论来说,这是一种"路径依赖"——一开始采取什么样的路径,往后的惯性力量会使其一直沿着这样的轨道滑行下去,改变路线非常艰难。检讨"大一统"的历史实践,留给后代需要消化的学问很多,有内外的应对、上下的平衡、中央与地方的协调、集权与分权的互补等等。同样,说几千年中国"封建经济长期停滞",也是一种经不起史实反驳的旧观念。中国人从来不缺发展经济的能力。两千年的"大一统"中国,社会经济始终处在发展与变化之中,情节非常丰富;但也不是一路顺风,发展与不发展成一体两面,制约经济正常发展的隐患消除不掉。所以,只有在新的历史条件下,将限制经济进一步发展的"笼子"逐渐拆除,才能开出新天地。
[Abstract]:The abundant Neolithic archaeology reveals that the origin of civilization in China was starry, the eight directions rose, and the spectacular scenes of the world. The most active "Central Plains", where the tribal mix was mixed and intermingled with each other, was the most advanced region at that time. After the Yangtze River Valley came into second place, the situation of the Central Plains as the core of the realization of "Great Unification" and the realization of "Great Unification" after the destruction of the six countries by small, middle, and late Qin Shihuang came naturally. The spatial movement of history has not stopped. Relying on the vast space advantages of the "Great Unification," the ancient Chinese society experienced various difficulties, grappling with the huge space, and making up for the old lack of development with new development. Vitality has always been constant. To say that China's historical time has been "super stable" and frozen on a single node for two thousand years is a matter of knowing one or the other. To borrow the theory of social structural change, This is a kind of "path dependence" what kind of path to take at first, and what kind of path will be taken in the first place, the inertial force will make it glide along such a track, and it will be very difficult to change the course. Review the historical practice of "unification". There is much to digest for future generations, including internal and external responses, balance between the top and bottom, coordination between the central and local authorities, complementarity between centralization and decentralization, and so on. To say that for thousands of years China's "feudal economy has stagnated for a long time" is also an old concept that cannot stand refutation from historical facts. The Chinese have never lacked the ability to develop their economy. After 2000 years of "unification" of China, the social economy has always been in the process of development and change. The plot is very rich; but it is not a smooth journey. Development and non-development are two sides, and the hidden dangers that restrict the normal development of the economy cannot be eliminated. Therefore, only under the new historical conditions, Will restrict the further development of the economy, "cage" gradually removed, can open a new world.
【作者单位】：华东师范大学历史学系;
【分类号】：K207

【共引文献】