“走出科举”:七至二十世纪初中国社会流动研究的再思考

发布时间：2018-04-01 13:16

本文选题：—世纪初　切入点：社会流动　出处：《历史研究》2017年03期

【摘要】：7—20世纪初中国的社会流动中,最值得关注的是掌握政治权力的精英阶层的循环和流动。中外学者将目光首先投向科举考试所造成的精英循环和社会流动。由于单位选择的差异,学者们对于"家世"在社会流动中的影响有不同的评估,但家族社会地位的维持,最终取决于家族成员在科举考试中所取得的名次以及在官僚体系中的地位。各个时期科举考试与社会流动的关系,涉及相应历史阶段教育资源的分布、考试录取配额制度等更加广泛的政治、经济与社会问题。辽、金、元王朝大多维护其本民族上层的特权,不同程度地影响到原有的社会流动机制,甚至使社会分层趋于固化,应该通过长时段的研究来评价其对于明初社会流动的影响。进行7—20世纪初中国社会流动的研究,如果能深入挖掘史料,建立数据库,使用科学的方法和手段,将研究视野从科举之内扩展到科举之外,全面客观地评价社会流动的积极成就与负面效应,则对那一时段中国社会的理解必将得到深入。
[Abstract]:In the social mobility of China at the beginning of the 7-20 century, the circulation and mobility of the elite class with political power are the most noteworthy ones. Chinese and foreign scholars first turn their attention to the elite circulation and social mobility caused by the imperial examination. Scholars have different assessments of the impact of "family" on social mobility, but maintain the social status of the family. Ultimately, it depends on the rank of the family members in the imperial examination and their position in the bureaucracy. The relationship between the examination and social mobility in each period involves the distribution of educational resources in the corresponding historical stage. The examination and admission quota system and other broader political, economic and social problems. Most of the Liao, Jin, and Yuan dynasties maintained the privileges of their ethnic upper strata, affecting to varying degrees the original mechanism of social mobility, and even making the social stratification tend to solidify. We should evaluate its influence on the social mobility in the early Ming Dynasty through a long period of research. If we can dig through the historical data, establish the database, and use scientific methods and means to study the social mobility in China in the 7-20 century, The understanding of Chinese society in that period will be deepened if the research field of view is extended from the imperial examination to the imperial examination and the positive achievements and negative effects of social mobility are comprehensively and objectively evaluated.
【作者单位】：首都师范大学历史学院;
【基金】：国家社科基金一般项目“新刊石刻文献与7—10世纪华北社会经济变迁研究”(13BZS085)资助
【分类号】：D691.7;K23

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