明清天津驻军研究（1368-1840）

发布时间：2018-04-11 00:38

本文选题：明清时期 + 天津　；参考：《南开大学》2013年博士论文

【摘要】：天津北依燕山,南达华北平原腹地,西连京津走廊,东临渤海湾,地理环境得天独厚。明、清两朝均建都北京,天津作为京师门户,其战略地位极端重要。明、清时期天津地区均驻守了大量兵力,与之相伴,天津地区人口开始增加,各种机构逐步设立。明、清时期天津地区的军队承担着防守、作战、屯田、漕运、修城、治河等各项任务,这一方面保障了地方的和平安宁,另一方面又为天津地区的社会发展做出了积极贡献,天津的社会、文化事业逐步发展,至清代乾隆、嘉庆时期天津已发展成为具有重要军事、经济地位的大都会。军事对明、清时期天津地区的发展具有重要作用,值得我们认真总结。本文分为十二章,加上绪论、结语共十四部分。绪论首先明确本文的研究对象,然后对相关研究成果进行回顾,进而对本文的选题依据、研究方法、主要内容、使用文献等方面进行说明。第一章首先对明代天津地区各卫所的相关情况进行研究,主要包括明代天津地区蓟州卫、镇朔卫、营州右屯卫、天津卫、天津左卫、天津右卫、武清卫、梁城守御千户所等卫所的设立情况、领导体制、卫署设置、军官人数、军官祖贯、军士人数等方面。除卫所驻军以外,明代天津地区还有民兵、达军,这也是天津军事力量的组成部分,这一章对民兵、达军也进行了研究。第二章以明代镇戍营兵制下的天津地区驻军为考察对象,由于天津地区在明代分属不同的行政区划,所以军队也分属不同的领导系统,本章即对明代镇戍营兵制下天津的驻军情况、领导系统、监军系统进行研究。第三章考察明代天津地区军队所承担的各项任务,明代天津地区军队不仅防守各自防区,而且还常被征调至外地进行戍守、作战。此外,天津地区的军队还承担屯田、漕运、班操等任务,以及各种差役。第四章对明代天津军队各种武器装备进行研究,这些武器既有传统兵器,又有明代革新、改造的新兵器,此外战马也是军队的重要装备,本章对各类武器、战马的配备、管理等方面进行研究。第五章对明代天津地区的重要军事工程进行研究,明代天津地区先后修筑了多座城池,这些城垣均先为土城,之后开始用砖包砌,在古代社会坚固的城池是保卫地方的重要屏障。明代从开国伊始即开始在北部边防修筑关隘,之后经过历次修筑,特别是戚继光于蓟镇任职期间,蓟镇边墙的修筑达到高峰。第六章对明代天津地区军队的军饷来源、军饷管理、军饷发放等方面进行研究,深入考察军饷来源、军饷管理、军饷发放等方面的演变情况,并对其存在的问题进行探讨。第七章以清代天津地区的驻军为考察对象,对宝坻驻防营、天津水师营两个驻防八旗营,以及天津镇所辖各绿营的设置、隶属、军官、兵力、营汛等方面进行研究。第八章研究清代天津地区军队承担的任务,清代天津地区军队除承担应有的军事任务外,还承担着维护治安,守卫行宫、陵寝,看护运河,捕灭蝗蝻等各项差役。第九章对清代天津地区的武器、装备情况进行研究,与明代相比,清代前期的武器并无明显发展,某些方面甚至出现退步,这与明、清两代不同的军事形势、军事制度密切相关。第十章以清代天津地区的各种军事工程为研究对象,这些军事工程既包括天津、静海、武清、宝坻、蓟州等城池,也包括演武场、炮台、墩台等设施,这些军事工程经过清代前期的修筑,对于加强军事训练、防御具有一定作用。第十一章研究清代天津地区军队的军饷状况,清代天津地区军队的米粮供应主要来自漕运,饷银则来自地方收入,在军饷发放标准上,八旗兵与绿营兵有所不同。在额定军饷之外,清代天津军队还有各种不定的赏赐。第十二章研究明、清时期军事对天津发展的贡献与影响,明、清时期军事对天津发展的贡献是多方面的、深刻的,本章重点论述天津卫学、武学对天津发展的贡献。在明、清两朝数百年中,军事对天津发展的影响是巨大的、深刻的,特别是表现为一方面促进了天津社会风气由尚武转变为尚文,另一方面造就了现在天津城区在整个天津地区的中心地位。结语部分对明、清时期天津地区军事变化进行总结,展现明、清时期天津军事发展、变化的全貌,并揭示其内在的历史动因,以为今天天津的发展提供历史借鉴。
[Abstract]:In the Ming and Qing Dynasties , the forces of Tianjin have made positive contributions to the development of social and cultural undertakings in Tianjin . The military has played an important role in the development of Tianjin area during the Ming and Qing Dynasties , and it is worthy of our earnest summarization .

This paper is divided into twelve chapters , with an introduction of fourteen parts . The introduction firstly makes clear the research object of this paper , then reviews the relevant research results , and then explains the basis , the research method , the main content and the use of literature .

In the first chapter , the author studies the relative situation of the Guards in the Tianjin area of Ming Dynasty , including the establishment of the Wei , the town , the right guard of the Yingzhou , the Wei of Tianjin , the left guard in Tianjin , the right guard in Tianjin , the Wuqing wei , the number of officers and so on . In addition to the garrison troops , there are militia members in the Tianjin area of the Ming Dynasty . This is also an integral part of the military power of Tianjin . This chapter also studies the militia and the Dajun .

The second chapter is to investigate the garrison troops of the Tianjin area under the garrison system in the Ming Dynasty . Since the Tianjin area is divided into different administrative divisions in the Ming Dynasty , the army is divided into different leadership systems . This chapter studies the garrison situation , the leadership system and the monitoring system of the garrison troops in the Ming Dynasty .

Chapter 3 examines the tasks undertaken by the forces in Tianjin , Ming and Qing Dynasties , and the forces of the Tianjin area in the Ming Dynasty are not only defending their respective areas , but also being diverted to the field for guarding and fighting . In addition , the troops in the Tianjin area are responsible for the tasks such as Tuen Mun , water transport , shift and other tasks , as well as various service .

The fourth chapter studies all kinds of weapon equipments of Tianjin army in Ming Dynasty . These weapons not only have the traditional weapons , but also the new weapon of the reform and transformation of the Ming Dynasty . In addition , the war horse is the important equipment of the army , and this chapter carries on the research on the equipment and management of all kinds of weapons and combat horses .

The fifth chapter studies the important military engineering in the Tianjin area of Ming Dynasty . In the Ming Dynasty , many city ponds were built in the Ming Dynasty . These city walls were first paved with bricks , and the fortified city pools in ancient society were the important barriers to protect the place . After the Ming Dynasty , it began to build a gateway in the northern border from the beginning of the opening of the country .

In the sixth chapter , we study the source , rate management and rate distribution of the army in the Tianjin area of the Ming Dynasty to investigate the evolution of the rate , rate , rate and so on , and discuss the existing problems .

In the seventh chapter , the garrison troops in the Tianjin area of the Qing Dynasty were studied in the aspects of the garrison camp , the two garrison troops stationed in Tianjin , and the establishment , membership , military strength and flood control of each green camp under the jurisdiction of Tianjin .

Chapter 8 deals with the tasks undertaken by the military forces in the Tianjin area of the Qing Dynasty . In the Qing Dynasty , the troops of the Tianjin area , in addition to their own military tasks , were responsible for the maintenance of public order , guarding the palace , sleeping , guarding the canal , trapping the locust and so on .

Chapter 9 studies the situation of weapons and equipment in the Tianjin area of the Qing Dynasty . Compared with the Ming Dynasty , the weapon in the early Qing Dynasty has no obvious development , and some aspects have even stepped out , which is closely related to the military situation and the military system of the Ming and Qing Dynasties .

Chapter X is the research object of various military projects in the Tianjin area of the Qing Dynasty . These military projects include such facilities as Tianjin , Jing Hai , Wuqing , Bajie , Jizhou and other facilities . These military projects have been built in the early Qing Dynasty and have a certain role in strengthening military training and defense .

Chapter 11 deals with the rate of the army in the Tianjin area of the Qing Dynasty . The grain supply of the troops in the Tianjin area is mainly from the transport of water , and the silver is from the local revenue . In addition to the standard of the rates , the eight flag soldiers are different from the green battalion . In addition to the rated rates , the Qing Dynasty Tianjin army has various kinds of reward .

Chapter 12 studies the contribution and influence of the military to Tianjin during the Ming and Qing Dynasties . The contribution of military to Tianjin during the Qing period is manifold and profound . In the Ming and Qing dynasties , the influence of military to Tianjin development is enormous and profound , especially in the aspect of promoting the transformation of Tianjin social atmosphere from Shang Wu to Shangwen , and on the other hand , the central position of Tianjin urban area throughout Tianjin .

The concluding part summarizes the military changes of Tianjin area during the Ming and Qing Dynasties , and reveals the features of Tianjin military development and change during the Ming and Qing Dynasties , and reveals the historical motivation in it , which is to provide historical reference for the development of Tianjin today .

【学位授予单位】：南开大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：E291;K248

【参考文献】