明代贵州平越军民府建置滞后的原因研究

发布时间：2018-04-11 04:34

本文选题：明代 + 贵州　；参考：《吉首大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：明代平越军民府，位于贵州的中北部，地处四川贵州的边界。此府处在高山峻岭之间，境内河流纵横，具有“山溪之险”之称，其地理位置、军事战略位置十分重要。明初永乐年贵州建省时设立八府，但是平越军民府却在明朝万历才设置。相比贵州建省时其他府的设置时间，平越军民府正式行政建置明显滞后。本论文意在证明：明朝政府设置平越府迟迟未决或未制定相应方案的原因，除了考虑贵州省境内地方稳定与发展外，还与平越地区的生态环境、民族文化、历史原因、行政成本高等方面的因素相关联。文章首先从明代贵州建省设府的大背景出发，介绍了明代建省的过程和平越军民府的政区沿革。永乐十一年(1413年)，明王朝在贵州开始建省，建省之初，只设置了八府，其中并没有平越军民府。平越军民府的前身是平越卫，经过明朝军事卫所制度内部的一系列调整，直到明朝万历二十八年（1600年），朝廷平定了播州之乱后，在平越卫城增加设置平越军民府，统辖黄平州、余庆、湄潭、瓮安三县，清平卫、平越卫和凯里安抚司、杨义长官司境地。平越地区地势险要、具有重要的军事战略地位，在平越地区一直存在置府的必要性。但平越军民府在明朝万历二十八年（1600年）才开始正式置府，其置府滞后的原因有四：其一、平越地区地处沅江水系与乌江水系的分水岭地段，岩溶地貌与常态地貌相间分布，地表形态多样，崇山峻岭河流密布，自然地理环境险恶；其二、平越地区是一个多民族聚居的地区，汉族是主体，苗族、布依族等少数民族相互毗邻杂居，各民族的生活方式多样并存；其三、平越地区在诸省相连之地，由于隶属关系不甚合理，致使周边土司对此地的争夺，播州土司势力壮大并叛乱，朝廷难以控制；其四，在平越地区置府的驻军费用、修建衙署、官员薪俸等行政成本太高。基于以上原因，，直到平播之乱平定后，明王朝才在平越地区顺势置府，此时距贵州设省已近200年。平越军民府设置后对当地产生了重要的影响。明王朝在播州之乱平定后设置的平越军民府，不仅可以从纵深上保护驿道的安全，解决驿道的财政需要，而且可以随时节制附近大小土司势力的发展，保证明王朝在当地的统治，维护当地的安定。同时，设府后使贵州版图形状由“V”变成了“”，解决了贵州省地域不完整的版图缺陷，更加便利了贵州的交通，有利于贵州的政治、经济发展。而且，平越军民府的设立，进一步加强了中央和贵州地区的联系，促进了贵州与内地的经济文化的交流，有利于多民族国家的统一。平越军民府的设置也为以后中央王朝对贵州的管理建设提供了范例。
[Abstract]:The Ming Dynasty Pingyue Army and people's Office, located in the central part of Guizhou, is located on the border of Sichuan Province.The government is located between the high mountains and rivers, which is known as "the danger of the mountain stream". Its geographical location and military strategic position are very important.In the early Ming Dynasty, eight provinces were established in Guizhou Province, but the Pingyue military and people's Office was only set up in Wanli of the Ming Dynasty.Compared with the time of setting up other provinces in Guizhou province, the formal administrative establishment of Pingyue military and civilian government lags behind obviously.The purpose of this paper is to prove that the reasons why the Ming government set up the Pingyue government late or did not make the corresponding plan, not only consider the local stability and development in Guizhou, but also the ecological environment, national culture and historical reasons of the Pingyue region.The factors of high administrative cost are related.Starting from the background of establishing provincial government in Guizhou in Ming Dynasty, this paper introduces the process of establishing province in Ming Dynasty.Yongle eleven years (1413, the Ming Dynasty began to build a province in Guizhou, the beginning of the province, only set up eight, which did not Ping Yue military and civilian government.After a series of adjustments within the system of the military and military defense institute in the Ming Dynasty, until the twenty-eighth year of the Ming Dynasty (1600), the court calmed down the chaos of the broadcast state, the government added the Pingyue military-civilian capital to the Pingyue Acropolis and ruled over Huangping Prefecture.Yuqing, Meitan, Weng'an three counties, Qingping Wei, Ping Yue Wei and Kaili pacification Division, Chief Yang Yi situation.Pingyue area has an important military strategic position, and it has always been necessary in Pingyue area.However, it was not until the 28th year of the Ming Dynasty (1600) that the Pingyue military and people's government began to formally purchase the mansion. There are four reasons for its lagging behind: first, the Pingyue area is located in the watershed section of the Yuanjiang and Wujiang rivers, and the karst landforms are distributed between the normal landforms and the karst landforms.The surface forms are diverse, mountains and rivers are dense, and the natural geographical environment is sinister. Second, the Pingyue region is a multi-ethnic area, with the Han nationality as the main body, the Miao and Buyi ethnic minorities living side by side and the other ethnic groups living side by side.The various ways of life of all ethnic groups coexist; thirdly, in the areas connected by various provinces in the Pingyue region, because of the unreasonable subordinate relationship, the surrounding toast competes for this place, and the power of the provincial toast grows and revolts, and it is difficult for the court to control it; fourth,The cost of garrison in the Ping-Yue region, the construction of the government office, and the salaries of officials are too high.Based on the above reasons, the Ming Dynasty did not settle down in Pingyue area until after the peace and quiet, which was nearly 200 years after Guizhou province was established.After the establishment of the Ping-Yue military and civilian government, it had an important impact on the local area.The Ping-Yue military-civilian government, which was set up by the Ming Dynasty after the chaos of the broadcast states, can not only protect the security of the post roads in depth, solve the financial needs of the post roads, but also control the development of the power of the toast in the vicinity at any time.To ensure the rule of the Ming dynasty in the local area, and maintain the stability of the local.At the same time, the layout of Guizhou was changed from "V" to "" after the government was set up, which solved the defects of Guizhou's incomplete territory, facilitated the transportation of Guizhou, and was beneficial to the political and economic development of Guizhou.Moreover, the establishment of the Pingyue military-civilian government has further strengthened the relationship between the central government and the Guizhou region, promoted the economic and cultural exchanges between Guizhou and the interior, and is conducive to the unification of the multi-ethnic country.The establishment of Pingyue military and civilian government also provided an example for the later central dynasty to the management construction of Guizhou.
【学位授予单位】：吉首大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：K248;D691

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