辽代贵族丧葬制度研究

发布时间：2018-04-15 15:22

本文选题：辽代 + 墓葬制度　；参考：《南开大学》2012年博士论文

【摘要】：辽代是由契丹族建立起来的中国古代北方少数民族政权，大体与中原五代与北宋时期相当，并长期与北宋政权并立。随着契丹与汉人的接触日益密切，尤其是“以国制治契丹，以汉制待汉人”政策出台后，辽代便开始了二元政治体制建设。辽代丧葬制度具体有浓郁的民族特点和地域特征，兼具多样化与民族化的双重特点，是中国古代传统礼俗文化的重要组成部分。丧葬制度理应包括“丧”和“葬”两部分，但从目前学术研究情况来看，研究者对于辽代墓葬制度（“葬”）的研究与重视程度远远大于丧葬礼俗（“丧”），辽代丧葬制度研究的系统性与全面性略显欠缺。基于此种状况，本文选取辽代贵族丧葬制度作为研究对象，并希望成为研究中国古代丧葬制度的有益补充。本文的特色之一，就是以墓志、碑刻等石刻资料为主要突破口，运用考古学与文献学互证的二重考据法，结合民俗学、风水理论和历史学研究成果，对辽代贵族丧葬制度进行全面的归纳与提炼，进而得出较为科学的结论。通过系统梳理辽代帝陵发现过程与研究现状，本文以目前研究与考古工作较为充分的祖陵和庆陵为中心，总结与归纳了辽代陵寝制度的特征与特点，认为辽代陵寝制度在因袭唐陵旧制，借鉴宋陵卜选中的堪舆因素之外，在皇陵附近单辟一州专司守陵，具备健全、完备的皇陵管理机构，契丹皇帝将死后魂归之处选在所祭大山的做法，不仅对其他北方少数民族政权尤其是金代陵寝制度产生重大影响，而且成为明代“陵山之祭”的滥觞，为丰富中国古代陵寝制度作出了巨大贡献。在墓葬制度研究方面，论文以长城为界，将发现于内蒙古、辽宁、北京、山西和河北等地的辽代墓葬分为南、北两区，并结合墓主人的族属，将辽代贵族墓葬划分为早、中、晚三期七段，，进而从墓葬形制、随葬品、壁饰和葬具四个方面，论述了辽代墓葬制度的发展与演变轨迹，并对贵族墓葬制度中的创新因素进行了讨论。基于史料和石刻资料中对于辽代丧葬礼俗的记载，论文认为契丹族在其发展壮大过程中，尤其是政权建立后，在汉文化的影响下丧葬礼俗日趋完备，同时也能兼固本民族的传统礼俗，这是多元文化整合的结果。论文对于辽代贵族丧葬制度中的民族融合因素，及其在促进中华民族多元一体格局形成过程中的作用也进行了充分的讨论。辽文化以其鲜明的地域特色和民族特征，在十至十一世纪的古代中国熠熠生辉，足可以与宋文化平分秋色。以往对于辽文化只是一笔带过或是以宋文化为主体、辽文化为补充与点缀的认知，未免偏颇，对于辽文化的深入研究仍有较大空间。
[Abstract]:Liao Dynasty was established by the Qidan ethnic minority regime in ancient China. It was roughly equal to the five dynasties of the Central Plains and the Northern Song Dynasty and had been standing side by side with the regime of the Northern Song Dynasty for a long time.With the increasingly close contact between Qidan and the Han people, especially after the policy of "treating Khitan with the Chinese system and waiting for the Han people in the Han Dynasty", the Liao Dynasty began to build a dual political system.The funeral system of Liao Dynasty has rich national and regional characteristics and dual characteristics of diversification and nationalization. It is an important part of Chinese traditional culture of rites and customs.The funeral system should consist of "funeral" and "burial", but from the current situation of academic research,The researchers pay much more attention to the burial system in Liao Dynasty than the funeral rites and customs ("mourning"), and lack of systematicness and comprehensiveness in the study of funeral system in Liao Dynasty.Based on this situation, this paper chooses the aristocratic funeral system of Liao Dynasty as the object of study, and hopes to be a useful supplement to the study of ancient Chinese funeral system.One of the features of this paper is that the main breakthrough is the epitaphs, inscriptions and other stone inscriptions, the use of double textual research of archaeology and philology, combined with folklore, geomantic theory and historical research results.This paper summarizes and refines the system of aristocratic funeral in Liao Dynasty, and then draws a scientific conclusion.By systematically combing the discovery process and current situation of imperial mausoleum in Liao Dynasty, this paper summarizes and summarizes the characteristics and characteristics of the mausoleum system in Liao Dynasty, focusing on the ancestral mausoleum and Qingling, which are more fully studied and archaeological work at present.It is considered that in the Liao Dynasty the mausoleum system was inherited from the old system of the Tang Tombs and drew lessons from the historical and geographical factors selected by the Song Mausoleum, and a special state was set up near the Emperor's Mausoleum to guard the mausoleum, with a sound and complete imperial mausoleum management organization.The practice of Emperor Qidan choosing the place where he died to sacrifice the mountain not only had a great impact on other northern minority regimes, especially the mausoleum system of the Jin Dynasty, but also became the origin of the "sacrifice of the Mausoleum" in the Ming Dynasty.In order to enrich the ancient Chinese mausoleum system made great contributions.In the study of tomb system, the paper divides the Liao Dynasty tombs found in Inner Mongolia, Liaoning, Beijing, Shanxi and Hebei into two regions, north and south, and divides the tomb of the Liao Dynasty into early and middle.This paper discusses the development and evolution of the tomb system of the Liao Dynasty from four aspects: the burial form, the funeral objects, the wall ornaments and the burial utensils, and discusses the innovative factors in the aristocratic burial system.Based on the records of funeral rites and customs in Liao Dynasty in historical materials and stone inscriptions, the paper holds that the Qidan nationality is becoming more and more complete in the process of its development and expansion, especially after the establishment of political power, under the influence of Han culture.At the same time, it can also strengthen the traditional customs of the nation, which is the result of multi-cultural integration.The paper also discusses the factors of national integration in the funeral system of the aristocrats in Liao Dynasty and its role in the formation of the pluralistic structure of the Chinese nation.Liao culture, with its distinctive regional and national characteristics, shone in ancient China in the tenth and eleventh centuries, and could be equated with Song culture.In the past, the cognition of Liao culture as supplement and embellishment is rather biased, and there is still much room for further study of Liao culture.
【学位授予单位】：南开大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：K892.22;K246.1

【参考文献】