唐代军队纪律及其相关问题研究

发布时间：2018-04-19 06:26

本文选题：唐代 + 军队纪律　；参考：《陕西师范大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：古今中外,军队纪律作为军队维护军人风气、保护军队战斗力的重要制度,对人类的军事活动产生了深远的影响。有唐一代近三百年时间,国家实力由盛转衰,军事领域随之历经变迁。军队纪律作为军事活动中重要的组成部分,其发展迭兴,是唐代国家及其军队在微观上变化的真实写照。其维护执行,也是律令制国家在军队中控制力强弱变化的真实体现。另外,在军队内部,将兵人身依附关系不断变化。因此,研究唐代军队纪律问题,有助于我们从微观上理解唐代后期所产生的许多问题：军乱、宦官监军、军赏、将帅职业素质变化等问题。以军队纪律为契点,可以串联唐代军事领域的各个方面,为我们揭示和恢复唐代军队风貌提供依据。军队纪律是一个复杂问题,学术界著述颇丰。本文试图就学术界有所争论或尚未深入的部分：如唐代军队纪律内容及其执行、唐代后期军纪所产生的新特征及其影响、以及与军队纪律相关的问题等方面展开研究。在广泛收集史料的基础上,采取归纳总结与分析相结合的方法,以安史之乱为分水岭,考察军队纪律发展演化的特点。本文分为个三部分进行论述,其具体情况如下：第一部分,唐代前期的军纪及其相关内容。论述唐代前期军队纪律的内容及其运用,同时将法典化时代在军队内部共存的军律与军令做出类比,指出二者在军纪执行上的不同。最后,讨论唐代在中央和军队内部维护军队纪律存在不同的审判机构。认为唐代前期,将领官僚的违纪犯罪行为得到国家的维护。第二部分,安史之乱后唐代军纪的走向及其职效。首先,通过军事环境的变化来阐释军纪的新走向。分析安史之乱后,唐朝采取守内虚外政策对国防战略的影响。兵制改革所带来的兵源多样化与战斗力问题,造成对军队纪律维护的危害。其次,归纳唐代后期军纪问题产生的新特征。认为在军队内部,简单实用的军令完全取代繁文缛节化的军律在军队中大量使用。无论国家或军队内部,对待违反军队纪律的成员,不计其身份高低,一律采取严酷惩罚措施。在唐代后期,还出现了以军纪取代民事法律的现象。以军代政,成为晚唐至五代时期政治活动的特例。最后,指出唐代后期执行军纪所产生的反复与随意性问题,认为军队纪律执行与否,取自皇权或军中主帅的个人意志。另外也考察了中央处置死刑的场所,长安城执行死刑场所的选择在于是否采用了国家的礼仪制度。唐代后期多在长安城斩杀违反军纪的高级军官,也是为了巩固专制皇权的需要。第三部分,唐代军纪相关问题的个案考察。分别从不同角度考察了四个方面的内容。其一,新型军官阶层的崛起,特别是都虞候地位的急剧上升,对唐代军纪产生的影响。校尉阶层作为一支独立力量,在唐代军队的各种活动中扮演了重要角色。其二,军纪与军赏、军赐的关系,唐代后期实行厚赏的风气,造成了国家军队纪律的不断松弛。其三,宦官典军、监军对唐代军纪的影响。在唐代后期,宦官成为中央在地方藩镇及其所属部队的代言人,他们是军纪的维护与执行者。宦官侵削了军队内部的司法独立,干涉了部队指挥系统,是唐代后期军队的一大痼疾。最后,唐代武将职业素养与军纪的养成。认为将领的出身及其职业素质,对于一支军队的影响深远,是一支军队维护风气,保持战斗力的有力保障。总之,安史之乱,给唐代军队纪律带来了深远影响。唐代前期稳定而完备的律令与审判方式遭到破坏,军队内部雇佣型的人身依附方式,使得唐代后期更趋向于人治而不是采用法治。直到宋代意识到这些漏洞给军队带来的危害,兵祸问题才得到了相对解决。
[Abstract]:As the army military discipline at all times and in all countries, to maintain a military atmosphere, an important system to protect the combat effectiveness of the army, had a profound impact on the military activities of human beings. The Tang Dynasty for nearly three hundred years, the national strength by Sheng Zhuanshuai, military field along with the change of military discipline. As an important part of military activities, the the development of some countries, is a true portrayal of the Tang Dynasty and its military changes in the microscopic. The maintenance execution, but also reflects the real state law in the armed forces control force changes. In addition, within the military, more personal attachment changing. Therefore, the research of Tang Dynasty military discipline problems, help us from microcosmic the understanding of many problems arising in the late Tang Dynasty: chaos, the eunuch in charge of military, army generals reward, occupation quality change and other issues. In the military discipline as a turning point, all aspects of the Tang Dynasty military field series, It provides a basis for us to reveal and restore the military features of the Tang Dynasty.
Military discipline is a complex problem, academic writings. This paper attempts to academia has not yet in-depth argument or part such as the content of the military discipline and execution of the Tang Dynasty, the new feature and the influence of the late Tang Dynasty military discipline generated by research and related military discipline problems. Based on the extensive collection of historical materials take, the summary and analysis of the combination, the rebellion as a watershed, study the evolution characteristics of military discipline.
This article is divided into three parts, which are as follows:
The first part of the early Tang Dynasty military discipline and relevant content. This early military discipline content and its application in Tang Dynasty, at the same time in the law and order code era coexist in the army to make analogy, pointing out that the two are in the different discipline implementation. Finally, discussed in the Central Army and the Tang Dynasty to maintain military discipline existing judicial institutions think different. In the early Tang Dynasty, discipline crime bureaucratic state maintenance officers.
The second part, rebellion and discipline to the Tang Dynasty Post effect. First, through changes in the military environment to explain the new trend of the discipline analysis. After Anlushan Rebellion, the Tang Dynasty to keep empty outside policy on national defense strategy. The manpower resources diversification and combat problems from military system reform, resulting in harm to to maintain military discipline. Secondly, a new feature induction in late Tang Dynasty discipline problems. Think within the military, simple and practical order to completely replace the unnecessary and overelaborate formalities of military law is widely used in the military. Countries or within the army, with members in violation of military discipline, regardless of the level of their identity, to be taken harsh punishments. The late Tang Dynasty, also appeared to replace the civil law phenomenon in military discipline. The Israeli political activities, become a special case of late Tang to the Five Dynasties period. Finally, pointed out that the implementation of the late Tang Dynasty produced discipline The repeated and random problem, that the military discipline is enforced or not, from the imperial army or individual will coach. In addition the central place of disposal of the death penalty, the death penalty in Changan city place choice is whether to adopt the ritual system of the country. In the late Tang Dynasty Changan City senior officers were beheaded in violation of military discipline, but also need to the consolidation of the autocratic monarchy.
The third part, a case related to military discipline issues of the Tang Dynasty. From different angles were investigated in four aspects. First, the rise of the new officer class, especially a sharp rise in Yu Hou status, impact on the Tang Dynasty military discipline. Captain class as an independent force, played an important role in various activities the army in the Tang Dynasty. Secondly, military and military relations in tours, the gift of the late Tang Dynasty implemented a thick atmosphere, resulting in the country's military discipline continuous relaxation. Third, the eunuch Dian army, influence of the Tang Dynasty. In the military prison in the late Tang Dynasty, the Eunuch in the local government and become the central troops spokesman. They are maintenance and executive discipline. The eunuch invade cut inside the military judicial independence, the interference forces command system, is a chronic disease of the late Tang Dynasty army. Finally, a Tang Dynasty generals occupation accomplishment and military discipline recognize. The birth of the generals and their professional qualities have a profound influence on a military force, which is a powerful guarantee for the army to maintain the atmosphere and maintain the fighting capacity.
In short, the rebellion, had a profound impact to the military discipline in the Tang Dynasty. In the early Tang Dynasty and stable laws of trial mode and complete destruction of the internal forces of employment type personal attachment, the late Tang Dynasty tended to the rule rather than the rule of law. The harm until the Song Dynasty aware of these vulnerabilities to the army, military disaster have been resolved relatively.

【学位授予单位】：陕西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：K242;E291

【参考文献】