清康雍乾时期嘉峪关以西地区郡县制的扩展与镇迪道的形成

发布时间：2018-04-23 00:34

本文选题：郡县制 + 扩展　；参考：《陕西师范大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：探讨郡县制的扩展过程,对我们认识“历史上的中国”和“历史上中国的疆域”这一宏观命题具有重要的意义。本文正是在此命题下,以“郡县制的扩展”为视角,选取清康雍乾时期嘉峪关以西至乌鲁木齐地区的郡县制扩展情况进行了具体分析。在实证分析中,面对不同文献记载不一的状况,笔者不仅通过对档案、政书、地方志中关于行政区划沿革资料进行具体考证而得出一张尽可能精确的本区域郡县制扩展的时间表。同时也基本梳理清楚了本地区郡县制扩展的脉络。正是在梳理的过程中,笔者发现国家政治进程、移民及边疆开发是影响郡县制向边疆地区扩展的主要因素。为了西北地区的安全,清政府进行了平准战争和平回战争。战争对粮食的重大需求刺激了嘉峪关以西地区屯垦的兴起,而屯垦的的劳动力除绿营之外,主要就是来自陕甘地区的移民。为了管理关西地区的民众事务,清政府又先后设置了靖逆卫、安西卫等民政管理机构,直至设置了安西兵备道,在关西地区形成了关西五卫的格局。由于在此过程中,卫所等民政管理系统始终从属于军事驻防体系,所以本区各级民政管理机构设置的具体地点取决于某地军事价值的高低,并随军事机构驻扎地点的迁移而迁移。而战争结束后,西域被整体纳入到了清政府统治之下,开发西域也因此成为清政府的题中之义。在清廷宏观制定了西域地区的行政管理体系之后,先是绿营兵,后是陕甘移民成为西域开发的主要劳动力。乌鲁木齐、巴里坤绿营的屯垦不仅对西域地区进行了初步的开发,而且其屯垦的范围还基本上确定了移民的范围和以后迪化州、镇西府的管辖范围。伴随着移民的涌入和区域开发,新疆东部地区逐步脱离安西地区,而相对独立出来。为管理民众事务,郡县制度也随之而于新疆东部地区建立了起来,并最终在新疆东部地区成立了镇迪道。总之,从总体上看,在战争时期,国家的政治进程对本区郡县制的扩展具有决定性的影响；而进入到了和平时期,移民和区域开发则成为了郡县制扩展的主导力量。
[Abstract]:It is of great significance for us to understand the macro proposition of "China in history" and "the territory of China in history". Under this proposition, from the perspective of "the expansion of county system", this paper analyzes the expansion of county system from west of Jiayuguan to Urumqi area in Qing Kang, Yong and Qian dynasties. In the empirical analysis, in the face of different literature records, the author not only through the archives, political books, The history of administrative divisions in the local chronicles of the specific textual research to arrive at as accurate as possible the expansion of the regional county system schedule. At the same time, the basic combing of the regional county system expansion of the context. It is in the process of combing that the author finds that the national political process, immigration and frontier development are the main factors that affect the expansion of county system to frontier areas. For the security of Northwest China, the Qing government carried out a peaceful war and returned to the war. The great demand for grain in the war stimulated the rise of reclamation to the west of Jiayuguan, and the labor force of reclaimed land was mainly immigrants from Shaanxi-Gansu region except Green Camp. In order to manage the people's affairs in Kansai area, the Qing government successively set up civil administration organizations such as Jing Nwei, Anxi Wei and so on, until they set up Anxi military reserve road, and formed the pattern of Kansai five Wei in the Kansai area. In the process, civil administration systems such as the Health Institute have always been subordinate to the military garrison system, so the specific location set up by the civil administration agencies at all levels in the district depends on the military value of a certain region. And move along with the relocation of military establishments. After the war, the Western region was brought under the rule of the Qing government, and the development of the Western region became the meaning of the Qing government. After the Qing government formulated the administrative system of the Western region, first the green soldiers, then the Shaanxi and Gansu immigrants became the main labor force in the western region. The reclamation of Urumqi and Barricun Green Camp not only made preliminary development in the Western region, but also basically determined the scope of emigration and the jurisdiction of Dihua Prefecture and Town West House in the future. With the influx of immigrants and regional development, the eastern region of Xinjiang gradually separated from the Anxi region, but relatively independent. In order to manage the people's affairs, the county system was established in the eastern part of Xinjiang, and finally the Zhendi Road was set up in the eastern part of Xinjiang. In general, during the war, the political process of the country had a decisive influence on the expansion of the prefectural system in the region, and when it came to peace, immigration and regional development became the leading force in the expansion of the county system.
【学位授予单位】：陕西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：K249;D691

【参考文献】