郑氏与明清王朝对汀漳泉海域社会控制权的争夺

发布时间：2018-04-27 11:13

本文选题：郑氏集团 + 郑成功　；参考：《华中师范大学学报(人文社会科学版)》2017年01期

【摘要】：郑芝龙、郑成功海上集团是明中叶崛起的海上割据势力,他们顺应世界贸易市场形成的形势,建立起了自己的山五商金木水火土和海五商仁义礼智信十家商行,他们采购江南地区绫、丝、绉纱、药材、江西地区陶瓷,开展跨国贸易,海上贸易范围覆盖日本、朝鲜、琉球、菲律宾及中南半岛各国,形成较为强大的批发、贸易、收税、提供保护即令旗出租、客运等系列经营活动。他们还采购日本的盔甲、日本刀、火绳枪以及西方的枪、炮等来武装自己的军事力量,从而吞并或收编海商、海盗乃至官军力量,形成了自己强大的军事实力与经济实力,进而与明清两代王朝形成对垒,争夺对汀漳泉海域社会的控制权,明朝曾经组建海军,对抗倭寇和海盗,但遭遇到衣冠大族强烈的抵制,取得的效果非常有限;清朝则不惜"迁界",却给郑氏垄断当时的国际贸易提供了便利,郑氏还组织闽南地区往台湾的移民,也在台湾建立起了自己的粮食仓储,这些都在一定程度上壮大了郑氏的实力,也使双方的拉锯战延续了较长的时间。整个过程充分彰显了海洋社会经济力量之强劲以及明清王朝在治理海洋区域方面的努力与效果,此时官民的海洋力量间尚表现出相互的消耗和削弱状态。
[Abstract]:Zheng Zhilong, Zheng Chenghai Group was a rising seagoing force in the middle of the Ming Dynasty. They complied with the situation formed in the world trade market and established their own five mountain, five merchants, gold, wood, water, fire, earth, sea, five merchants, benevolence, righteousness, propriety, righteousness, wisdom and faith. They buy Jiangnan Aya, silk, crepe, medicinal materials, Jiangxi ceramics, transnational trade, maritime trade covering Japan, Korea, Ryukyu, the Philippines and Indochina Peninsula countries, forming a relatively strong wholesale, trade, tax collection, Provide protection that make flag rental, passenger transport and other series of business activities. They also purchased Japanese armor, Japanese swords, fire rope guns and Western guns and guns to arm their own military forces, thus annexing or incorporating maritime merchants, pirates and even official military forces, thus forming their own strong military and economic strength. Then the Ming and Qing dynasties formed a confrontation to fight for control of the society in the waters of Ting Zhangquan. The Ming Dynasty once set up a navy to fight the Japanese aggressors and pirates, but encountered a strong resistance from the cloak and the crown, and the results were very limited. The Qing Dynasty did not hesitate to "move the border", but it facilitated Zheng's monopoly of international trade at that time. Zheng also organized immigrants from the southern Fujian region to Taiwan, and set up his own grain storage in Taiwan. These all strengthened Zheng's strength to a certain extent, also made both sides's seesaw war extended for a long time. The whole process fully demonstrated the strength of the marine social and economic forces and the efforts and effects of the Ming and Qing dynasties in governing the marine areas. At this time, the marine forces of the officials and the people showed a state of mutual consumption and weakening.
【作者单位】：厦门大学历史系;
【基金】：国家社会科学基金重大招标项目“清代海疆政策与开发研究”(13&ZD093)
【分类号】：K248

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