魏晋南朝草诏制令制度变化述略

发布时间：2018-04-27 17:21

本文选题：魏晋南朝 + 草诏制令　；参考：《青海师范大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：魏晋南朝是中国古代政治制度发展过程中承前启后的时代,其中草诏制令制度的变化从一个侧面反映了中国政治制度变化的趋势——皇权的逐步集中和相权的逐步缩小。草诏制令权是封建皇权中的一项核心权力,草拟皇帝命令的机构也就自然成为炙手可热、权倾一时的机构。当这个机构权力过大时,皇帝选用近侍小臣来分割这个机构的权力甚至代替这个机构。周而复始,遂形成了中国古代草诏制令制度的发展演变,最后形成了尚书省、中书省、门下省相互制衡的“三省”制度。草诏制令作为一项极重的权力,一般由皇帝亲信的人员来完成,所以草诏制令权的归属可以反映出这个部门在当时的地位。魏晋时期草诏制令的职责由尚书省向中书省转化,尚书省向单一的行政职能转化。在中书省内部,最先由中书监、令草拟诏令,后由中书侍郎、中书舍人草拟。曹魏时期,为削弱尚书台的“出纳帝命”之权,中书省兴起,成为总揽中央机要的部门,尚书台转化为政府机构,仅起执行作用。晋时又设“门下省”,以侍中和黄门侍郎为长官,专职“审署奏抄,驳正违失”,成为中央政令的审查机关。门下省实际上分割了中书省的部分权力。经过南北朝到隋和唐初,发展成为中书、门下、尚书三个相互配合又相互制约的机构,其中以中书、门下承担中央的主要机要工作。
[Abstract]:The Wei, Jin and Southern dynasties were the times of the development of the ancient Chinese political system, in which the change of the order system reflected the trend of the change of the Chinese political system-the gradual concentration of imperial power and the gradual reduction of the power of the emperor. As a core power in feudal imperial power, the organization that drafted the imperial order naturally became a hot institution. When the power of the institution was too great, the emperor chose courtiers to divide the authority of the institution and even to replace it. At the beginning of the cycle, it formed the development and evolution of the order system in ancient China, and finally formed the "three provinces" system of checks and balances between the three provinces. As a very heavy power, the order was usually completed by the emperor's trusted personnel, so the attribution of the order could reflect the status of the department at that time. In the Wei and Jin dynasties, the duties of the Chao-Chao system were transformed from the Shang Shu province to the middle book province, and the Shang Shu province to a single administrative function. In the province of Zhongshu, the first by the warden, ordered to draft Dahir, and then by the Chinese script Lang, Zhongshu Sherry drafted. In the period of Cao Wei, in order to weaken the power of "the Emperor of cashier", the province of Zhongshu rose and became the department that took charge of the central machine. Jin also set up a "province under the door," to serve and Huang Men Shi Lang as the officer, full-time "judicial bureau copy, refuting the loss," the central government order to become the censor. The province actually divided part of the power of the province. From the Southern and Northern dynasties to the Sui Dynasty and the early Tang Dynasty, they developed into three institutions which coordinated and restricted each other under the Chinese script and the Shang Shu, in which the central government was responsible for the main essentials of the central government.
【学位授予单位】：青海师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K235

【参考文献】