清中叶浙江海盗问题研究

发布时间：2018-04-28 15:33

本文选题：海盗 + 生态环境　；参考：《山东大学》2010年硕士论文

【摘要】： 乾隆末年,在各种因素的促动下,清廷有效控制海洋的时代宣告结束。沿海零星的海盗小帮逐渐结成了有组织的大股匪帮,小打小闹的抢劫活动演变为海盗与水师的直接冲突。海盗活动不断升级,发展成威胁王朝统治安全的“大事件”。地处东南沿海中心位置的浙江,海盗活动尤为猖獗。本地土盗、福建洋盗与越南夷盗三股势力相继侵扰,对清廷的海疆安全和沿海社会造成了很大影响。清廷前后花费十余年时间才最终得以平定海患。浙江海盗突然爆发的原因何在,海盗通过哪种方式维持群体的生存并扩张自己的势力,这是本文所要关注的主要问题。作为边缘群体,海盗的活动与水上世界的生活节律是一致的。一方面从事海盗活动是特殊的生态环境下群体生存的理性选择,另一方面也是地域社会对外部变动回应和互动的结果,诸如人口压力、战乱灾害、历史记忆等因素。因此,有必要截取较长时段,从生态学的角度加以考察。而海盗的生存与发展同样也无法摆脱水上世界的种种束缚。水上世界中的渔民水手、水师海盗同处于一个复杂的关系网络之中,并保持着动态的平衡状态。各种群体既相互竞争,又相互依存。海盗正是借助于这一网络系统维持着自身的生存,扩张群体的实力。台湾林爽文起义的爆发,打破了水上世界的平衡,浙江水师奉调入台与越南海盗的进入,使得海上群体的实力对比出现了戏剧性的突变,造成了乾嘉时期海盗蜂起的场景。为应对危机,清廷调整海防政策,以积极的海战政策介入水上世界的关系网络,并重新恢复了对海洋的掌控。但这也是清王朝最后一次重整水上世界的努力。随着西方势力的进入和海上贸易形态的变化,水上世界再次陷入混乱,海盗活动呈现出新的特征,并一直延续到十九世纪的上半期。
[Abstract]:In the late years of Qianlong, the era of effective control of the sea by the Qing court came to an end. Small bands of pirates along the coast have gradually formed large organized gangs, and petty robberies have evolved into direct clashes between pirates and watermen. Piracy has escalated into a major threat to the security of dynastic rule. Located in the southeast coastal center of Zhejiang Province, piracy is particularly rampant. The three forces of local theft, Fujian foreign theft and Vietnamese foreign theft invaded one after another, which had a great impact on the security of the Qing court and the coastal society. It took more than a decade before and after the Qing court to settle the sea. What is the reason of the sudden outbreak of pirates in Zhejiang Province, which means the pirates to maintain the survival of the group and expand their own power, which is the main problem this paper should pay attention to. As a marginal group, the activities of pirates are consistent with the rhythm of life in the world of water. On the one hand, piracy is a rational choice for the survival of groups in a special ecological environment, on the other hand, it is also the result of the response and interaction of regional society to external changes, such as population pressure, war disasters, historical memory and so on. Therefore, it is necessary to intercept a long period of time, from the ecological point of view to investigate. And the survival and development of pirates can not escape the shackles of the world on the water. The fishermen, sailors and pirates of the world of water are in a complex network of relationships and maintain a dynamic equilibrium. Various groups compete and depend on each other. Pirate is with the help of this network system to maintain their own survival, expand the strength of the community. The outbreak of Lin Tsang-wen uprising in Taiwan broke the balance of the world on the water. Zhejiang Water Division sent in Taiwan and Vietnamese pirates to enter, which caused dramatic changes in the strength of the sea group, resulting in the scene of the rise of pirates in Qianjia period. In order to cope with the crisis, the Qing government adjusted its coastal defense policy, intervened in the relationship network of the aquatic world with active naval warfare policy, and restored its control of the sea. But this is also the Qing Dynasty's last efforts to reorganize the world on the water. With the entry of Western forces and the changes of maritime trade patterns, the world on the water once again fell into chaos, and piracy took on new characteristics, which continued until the first half of the nineteenth century.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：K249

【引证文献】