清代新疆农业开发研究述评

发布时间：2018-04-29 02:43

  本文选题：农业开发 + 开发性质　； 参考：《西域研究》2017年03期

【摘要】：通过对近三十年来清代新疆农业开发研究成果的简要回顾,发现学界在开发经营的性质和形式、政策和路径选择、粮食供给状况、赋税和奖惩制度、农业环境的利用和技术选择等五个方面的研究中仍然存在一些问题和不足。在农业经营的性质和形式方面,根据经营主体的不同可以将这一时期的屯垦活动划分为三种类型:国家农业经营行为、民人自食其力的经营行为和以营利为目的的商品性农业经营行为;农业开发的政策和路径选择方面,应当注重清中期新疆农业开发遇到的困境和围绕这一困境进行的政策调整的研究;粮食供给状况的研究应当充分考虑农业生产力状况、耕地面积、农业人口数量、赋税、播种量、粮食流通等方面的因素;赋税和奖惩制度方面,应当注重各时期政策的调整和演变;农业环境的利用和技术选择方面,应当更多关注对不同生活方式的人群,以及土壤类型、无霜期、海拔等自然因素的考察。
[Abstract]:Through a brief review of the research results of agricultural development in Xinjiang in the past 30 years, it is found that the nature and form of development and management, policy and path choice, grain supply situation, taxation, reward and punishment system, etc. There are still some problems and shortcomings in the five aspects of agricultural environment utilization and technology selection. In terms of the nature and form of agricultural management, according to the different management subjects, the reclamation activities in this period can be divided into three types: national agricultural management behavior, People's self-supporting business behavior and commercial agricultural business behavior for profit; the policy and path choice of agricultural development, We should pay attention to the difficulties encountered in the agricultural development of Xinjiang in the middle of Qing Dynasty and the policy adjustment around this dilemma, and the research on the situation of grain supply should take full account of the situation of agricultural productivity, the area of cultivated land, the number of agricultural population, and taxation. Factors such as seeding quantity, grain circulation, taxation, rewards and punishment systems should pay more attention to the adjustment and evolution of policies in various periods, and more attention should be paid to people with different lifestyles in the utilization of the agricultural environment and the choice of technology. And soil types, frost-free period, altitude and other natural factors.
【作者单位】： 南开大学历史学院;
【基金】：教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目“中华农业文明通史”(项目编号:13JZD036)成果之一 南开大学博士研究生科研创新基金资助
【分类号】：K249
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本文编号：1818062