朝鲜王朝官修《高丽史》对元东征日本的历史书写

发布时间：2018-05-03 22:33

本文选题：《高丽史》 + 元东征日本　；参考：《古代文明》2017年04期

【摘要】：朝鲜王朝立国之初,以编年体官修《高丽史》,几经努力不果。世宗年间改纪传体,编成139卷本《高丽史》,以塑造朝鲜王朝的正统性。《高丽史》对元东征日本历史的书写,强调高丽的自主性,刻画高丽对元朝需索的巧妙周旋,细致记录高丽所供给的粮草、人工等,凡背叛高丽、投身元朝的高丽人,都被称作"反人"而被列入《叛逆传》中,体现宗藩关系下高丽追求自主意识的努力。编写者在该书《忠烈王世家》与《金方庆传》中,塑造了两个类似的元东征日本历史的版本,高丽将领被视作左右战场胜负的关键,蒙古统帅的刚愎自用、一意孤行,加上"大风雨",最终酿成东征的失败。对照《元史》,《高丽史》对元东征日本的书写极为偏颇。因此,对涉及东亚三国的历史事件,一定要摆脱"一国史"的局限,而用"东亚史"的视角,方能趋近历史的真相。
[Abstract]:In the early days of the Korean Dynasty, he revised Korean History by chronicling officials. Shizong changed his chronicle into a 139-volume edition of the Korean History of Korea in order to shape the orthodoxy of the Korean dynasty. The Korean History describes the Japanese history of the Yuan Dynasty, emphasizes the independence of Koryo, and depicts Koryo's ingenious spin on the Yuan Dynasty. Detailed records of the food and plants supplied by Koryo, artificial labor, and all the Koryo people who betrayed Koryo and devoted themselves to the Yuan Dynasty were all called "anti-human" and were included in the Biography of treason, reflecting Koryo's efforts to pursue independence under the suzerain-vassal relationship. In this book, "the loyal Wang Shijia" and "the Biography of Jin Fangqing", the author molds two similar versions of the Japanese history of the Yuan Eastern Expedition. Korean generals are regarded as the key to the victory and defeat of the battlefield, and the Mongol commander-in-chief is self-willed and determined to go his own way. Add "big storm", result in the defeat of the east march finally. Compared with Yuan History, Korean History is extremely biased towards the Japanese writing of Yuan Dynasty's Eastern Expedition. Therefore, we must get rid of the limitation of "the history of one country" and use the perspective of "history of East Asia" to get closer to the truth of history for the historical events involving the three countries of East Asia.
【作者单位】：南开大学历史学院;
【基金】：国家社科基金项目“中韩(朝)古代史学之交流与比较研究”(项目批号:13BZS008)的阶段性成果
【分类号】：K247;K312.33

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