明末以降“屯田照民田起科”辨

发布时间：2018-05-04 02:24

本文选题：屯田 + 屯粮　；参考：《史林》2017年02期

【摘要】：由于屯、民田地所有制度的区别,明清两代屯、民田赋科则也各有不同。然而,明崇祯二年,清顺治七年,清康熙、乾隆年间,屡次出现"屯田照民田起科"的政令。这一系列政令虽然与卫所制度破坏、屯田归并州县管理的趋势相吻合,但历次调整屯田科则的具体目的、调整范围各有不同。明末清初时的"屯田照民田起科",是增加部分屯田的科则,以达到民田科则的水准;清康熙以后、尤其是乾隆初年的"屯田照民田起科",才是减轻屯田科则,以期平均屯、民田赋负担。明后期至清前期屯、民田赋科则的趋近,主要源自明清之际民田科则的大幅增长,清乾隆以前减轻的屯田田赋甚为有限。
[Abstract]:Due to the differences of all systems between the Ming and Qing dynasties, the Ming and Qing dynasties were different. However, Chongzhen in Ming Dynasty, Shunzhi seven years, Kangxi, Qianlong years, repeated "Tuantian according to the civil field from the Department" decree. Although this series of decrees is consistent with the trend of the management of the state and county, but the specific purpose and the scope of the adjustment are different from each other. At the end of the Ming and the early Qing dynasties, the "Tungtian Section" was to increase some of the Tutian Family rules in order to reach the level of the Civil Field Doctrine. After the Qing Dynasty Kangxi, especially in the early years of Qianlong, the "Tun Tian Qi Ki" was the only way to lighten the Tun Tian Family, with a view to averaging Tuen Mun. The burden of land tax. From the late Ming Dynasty to the early Qing Dynasty, the approach of the Mintian tax was mainly derived from the substantial increase of the Mintian tax in the Ming and Qing dynasties, and the reduction of the farmland tax before Qianlong in the Qing Dynasty was very limited.
【作者单位】：北京大学国家发展研究院;
【分类号】：K248

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