清代的京债与地方吏治

发布时间：2018-05-19 04:13

本文选题：京债 + 官债　；参考：《清史研究》2017年01期

【摘要】：京债,又名官债,在中国历史上主要指官员在京城所借的高利贷。官员借贷京债现象在清代尤为严重,从而引起了朝野的广泛关注。虽自顺治朝即颁布法令严禁,但除了乾隆朝一度出台的收效甚微的预借养廉银政策外,有清一朝并无其他解决措施。清廷接二连三的禁令,正是京债泛滥与失控的映射。清代京债的年利率以100%以上为常态,利息高达本金数倍者亦不在少数。虽然研究者认为清代普通高利贷资本的利率有一个逐渐降低的过程,但京债的利率并未显著降低,这正突出了京债的独特性。债官外任,迫于超高利息的债务,不挪用公帑,则g削民脂,更有带同债主赴任管事而伙同为奸者,由此造成了地方吏治的腐败。
[Abstract]:Beijing debt, also known as official debt, in the history of China, mainly refers to officials in the capital loan sharks. The phenomenon of official loans and loans in Beijing was especially serious in the Qing Dynasty, which caused widespread concern of the government and the opposition. Although the Shunzhi dynasty promulgated a decree prohibiting it, there were no other measures to solve the problem in the Qing Dynasty, except for the policy of pre-borrowing and raising cheap silver that had little effect in Qianlong Dynasty. The Qing government ban after another, is the Beijing debt overflowing and out of control mapping. In the Qing Dynasty, the annual interest rate of Beijing bonds was more than 100%, and the interest rate was several times the principal. Although the researchers think that the interest rate of common usury capital in Qing Dynasty has a process of decreasing gradually, but the interest rate of Beijing bond has not been significantly reduced, which highlights the uniqueness of Beijing debt. If a debt official is appointed outside of the government and is forced by the debt of super high interest and does not misappropriate public funds, then he will cut off the people's fat, and he will take the creditors to his post and become a traitors, resulting in corruption in the local administration.
【作者单位】：中国人民大学清史研究所;
【基金】：国家社会科学基金重大项目“盛京城考古与清代历史文化研究”(批准号14ZDB038)阶段成果
【分类号】：K249

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