论汉晋道教“静室”的性质和来源

发布时间：2018-05-26 23:12

本文选题：汉晋 + 道教　；参考：《学术研究》2017年02期

【摘要】：早期道教"静室"是一种非常重要的宗教性建筑设施,也是道教徒日常宗教生活的神圣空间,对道教仪式近2000年来的发展演变影响极为广泛和深远。日本道教学者吉川忠夫最早提出"静室"发源于西汉时期具有"请罪"性质的"请室",后来则成为道教徒向神灵祈祷、忏悔以及实修某种道术的宗教性建筑物。本文认为道教"静室"并非渊源于西汉具有监狱性质的"请室",而是由先秦至两汉儒家祭祀礼制中的"斋宫"、"斋室"和"静室"等发展而来的。二者之间最主要的相通之处,就是它们都是特定的专门进行斋戒活动的场所。而儒家祭祀斋戒制度所具有的人神交通性质以及相关斋戒规范等,都直接影响了汉晋天师道以及其他道派斋戒制度的形成。自汉代以后,由于儒家祭祀斋戒制度已被道教和汉传佛教所吸收借鉴,因而在相当长的历史时期内,"静室"在儒道释三教中都普遍存在。而弄清早期道教"静室"的性质和来源,对于探讨道教斋戒仪式的起源和发展演变具有重要意义。
[Abstract]:The early Taoist "quiet room" is a very important religious building facility, and it is also the sacred space of Taoist daily religious life, which has a wide and far-reaching influence on the development and evolution of Taoist rituals in recent 2000 years. Japanese Taoist scholar Yukio Yoshikawa first proposed that the "quiet room" originated from "asking for sin" in the Western Han Dynasty, and later became a religious building where Taoists prayed to the gods, repented and practiced some Taoism. This paper holds that Taoist "quiet rooms" are not originated from the "invitation rooms" of the Western Han Dynasty, but from the "Ramadan", "Zhai rooms" and "quiet rooms" in the Confucian sacrificial rites of the pre-Qin to the Han dynasties. The most important thing in common between them is that they are special places for fasting. However, the nature of human and god traffic and the related norms of fasting in the Confucian sacrificial fasting system have a direct impact on the formation of the system of fasting in the Han and Jin dynasties, as well as in other Taoist schools. Since the Han Dynasty, the Confucian sacrifice and fast system has been absorbed by Taoism and Han Buddhism, so in a long historical period, "quiet room" in Confucianism, Taoism, Buddhism and the three religions are widespread. It is of great significance to understand the nature and origin of the early Taoist "quiet room" for probing into the origin and development of Taoist fasting ritual.
【作者单位】：中山大学历史学系;
【基金】：2013年教育部哲学社会科学研究后期资助重点项目“古灵宝经与中古道教经教体系研究”(13JHQ006)的阶段性成果
【分类号】：K234

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