宋代安全生产研究

发布时间：2018-07-06 07:10

本文选题：宋代 + 安全生产　；参考：《河南大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：宋代是中国古代社会生产高度发展的时期,作为生产的重要组成部分,安全生产日益受到宋人的重视,也为其发展做出了贡献。宋人已经拥有了早期的安全生产文化,开始注重安全生产法规的建立,在加大安全生产投入和科技保障的前提下,明确安全生产的责任,形成了相对完善的安全生产体系。农业生产中,以水、旱、寒、风、沙尘为主的气象灾害是安全生产的主要危害。这些灾害危害范围大、时间长,依靠当时的生产力发展水平很难有效的预防和抵御。但是宋人依然依靠兴修水利、疏浚河道、植树造林等方式积极应对,对农业安全生产起到了一定的成效。动物灾害上,蝗虫对于农业安全造成的危害最大,宋人对于蝗灾已经有了较为科学的认识,采用捕捉成虫、消灭虫卵和保护天敌的方式减少其对农业造成的危害。对于国家的政治行为和边患的人为因素对农业生产造成的危害,宋代注重法律保护和国家补偿的方式来保护生产的顺利进行。宋代形成了较为完善的农业安全生产应对体系,为农业生产的恢复和发展起到了很好的保障作用。随着宋代手工业的全面进步,其安全生产日益受到人们的重视。官营手工业是宋代手工业的代表,其安全生产受到宋代政府的高度重视,有相应的管理部门承担相应的安全职责。民间手工业涉及到社会生产的各个方面,其安全生产,多依靠生产者自身的素质及行会的约束和规范。政府和百姓都重视科技和实践经验在矿冶业安全生产中的作用,来应对采掘过程中遇到的危害。《营造法式》做为宋代官方制定的建筑工程的通行法则,促进了建筑业生产的标准化和规范化,有利于保障建筑过程中人和财产的安全。宋代政府通过休假制度和相应的法律法规来保障手工业劳动者的安全,是当时社会条件下的一大进步。同时,科技的发展也为安全生产提供了相关保障,这一点在宋代矿冶业、制盐业、酿酒业、火药制造等行业的安全生产体现十分突出。宋代的交通运输十分发达,其安全也进入了一个崭新的发展阶段。陆路交通中,仪制令等交通规则和城市交通法则已经初见雏形,对路基和桥梁等道路基础设施的维护也受到重视,对安全生产十分有利。水路交通上,津渡和航运安全都是宋代关注的重点,建立起了相对完整的水路交通安全体系,其中的事故救援和交通疏导更是值得肯定,可以说是现代交通安全制度的萌芽。在长期的生产实践过程中,宋代形成了相对规范和稳定安全生产习俗。利用四时八节二十四节气来安排农作物的生产,根据对不同时期的农作物的生长习性,形成了相应的生产习惯。这些经过实践检验的习俗,具有很强的科学性,在劳动人民中间不断扩散,代代相传,是安全生产文化繁荣的象征。与习俗相对应的,弭灾在宋代也十分盛行,这些措施尽管对于安全生产并不能起到实质性的作用,但作为一种象征,对百姓也是一种鼓励和安慰,能在一定程度上改进安全生产的环境。
[Abstract]:The Song Dynasty was a period of high development in the production of ancient Chinese society. As an important part of the production, the safety production was paid more and more attention by the song people and contributed to the development of the Song Dynasty. The Song Dynasty has already owned the early safety production culture, began to pay attention to the construction of the safety production regulations, and before increasing the safety production input and the scientific and technological guarantee. It is clear that the responsibility for safety in production is defined and a relatively perfect safety production system has been formed.
In agricultural production, meteorological disasters, including water, drought, cold, wind and sand dust, are the main hazards of safety production. These disasters have a large scope and long time, and it is difficult to prevent and resist effectively by the development level of the productive forces at that time. But the song people still rely on the ways of reconstructing water conservancy, dredging the river, planting trees and so on. The production played a certain effect. In the animal disaster, the locusts had the greatest harm to the agricultural safety. The song people had a more scientific understanding of the locust disaster. They used the way of catching the adults, eliminating the eggs and protecting the natural enemies to reduce the harm to agriculture. The Song Dynasty paid attention to the law protection and the state compensation to protect the production smoothly. The Song Dynasty formed a more perfect response system for agricultural production safety, which has played a very good guarantee for the recovery and development of agricultural production.
With the all-round progress of the handicraft industry in the Song Dynasty, its safety production has been paid more and more attention. The official handicraft industry is the representative of the handicraft industry in the Song Dynasty. Its safety production is highly valued by the Song Dynasty government, and the corresponding management departments undertake corresponding security responsibilities. The folk handicraft industry involves all aspects of social production, and its safety production is more dependent on it. Depending on the quality of the producers themselves and the constraints and norms of the guild, the government and the common people attach importance to the role of scientific and practical experience in the safety and production of mining and metallurgy to deal with the hazards encountered in the mining process. It is beneficial to ensure the safety of people and property in the process of building. The government of the Song Dynasty ensured the safety of handicraft workers through the holiday system and corresponding laws and regulations. It was a great progress under the social conditions at that time. At the same time, the development of science and technology also provided relevant guarantee for the safety of production, which was in the Song Dynasty mining and metallurgy industry, the salt industry, the wine making industry and the gunpowder system. The production of safe production in the manufacturing and other industries is very prominent.
The traffic and transportation of the Song Dynasty is very developed, and its security has also entered a new stage of development. In the land road traffic, the traffic rules and the urban traffic rules have been initially seen, and the maintenance of the roadbed and bridges and other road infrastructure is also paid attention to. It is beneficial to the safety of the production of ten points. The focus of the Song Dynasty, the establishment of a relatively complete system of water traffic safety, the accident rescue and traffic guidance is more affirmative, can be said to be the bud of the modern traffic safety system.
During the long period of production practice, the Song Dynasty formed a relatively standardized and stable production custom. The production habits of crops were arranged with twenty-four throttle of four times. According to the habit of growing crops in different periods, the corresponding production habits were formed. These customs, which have been tested by practice, have strong scientific nature and are in labor. It is a symbol of the prosperity of the culture of safety in the middle of the people, which is the symbol of the prosperity of the culture of safety production. In contrast to the custom, the disaster is also very popular in the Song Dynasty. Although these measures can not play a substantial role in the safety of production, as a symbol, it is also a kind of encouragement and comfort to the people, and can improve the safety of production to a certain extent. Environmental Science.
【学位授予单位】：河南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：X922.2;K244

【参考文献】