唐代自然灾害救济中遣使问题研究
发布时间：2018-07-22 14:20
【摘要】：唐代在我国历史发展中,政治、经济、文化都上升到了一个新层次。随着承灾体规模的持续扩大,自然灾害的破坏作用也就愈加明显,而与之相对应的是人们与自然灾害不屈不挠的斗争,其中最富有特色,也是贯穿唐代大部分时间内的救灾方式是中央遣使救灾,为全面瞰视唐代自然灾害中遣使救灾状况,本文拟从如下几方面着手进行研究:第一章,背景研究,主要包括唐代自然灾害概况及使职差遣问题。本章中,将采用数据分析的方式,将主要灾害及灾害中遣使的发生频率、地点及时间等问题进行统计性描述;在灾害特点方面主要分析相关文献记载上的特点、灾害发生区域特点等问题;使职差遣则做概括性论述,以便为灾害遣使框定一个政治背景。第二章,遣使标准、范围和流程。遣使是唐代,甚至整个古代社会都在运用的普遍措施,从郎官班子、御史班子等主要官员群体中选择使臣是普遍的派遣范围,其中又有前期派遣近臣,后期重官职的双重标准。派遣使臣主要的目的就是经济恢复和保持政治稳定。由皇帝直接派遣和中央权力机构派遣是两种最为直观的派遣方式。第三章,重点讨论灾害中使臣职责问题。朝廷使臣的主要任务可以概括为两部分:到灾区执行中央朝廷的决定和协助地方官员处理善后事宜,具体的来说,主要有传达皇帝存恤旨意、检覆地方救灾情况、赈贷灾区、蠲免财税、察访吏治及审理讼狱等,以上囊括了救灾使臣的主要工作,但是为了能及时处理突发情况,朝廷又赋予了使臣便宜行事的特权,让使臣可以随时自主地处理当地意外情况。第四章,遣使救灾的争议和评价问题。唐代的遣使救灾措施从初衷上来说,兼具了救灾的合法性和灵活性,具有十分明显的优势,而且通过史料记载来看,政治清明的时候,遣使救灾措施确实也起到了存民安家的作用,但是就乱世来说,效果并不明显。还应当注意的是仅就遣使方面,使臣本身也有其主观性,受政治背景影响,不作为问题等也就产生了,这些都对救灾效果产生了消极影响。虽然唐代自然灾害随着经济规模的延伸已经造成了巨大的破坏,且常与战争、贪腐等人为因素重叠,朝廷所做出的遣使等措施,往往也有其局限性,但遣使救灾作为一种灾时政治手段,却在我国历史上具有十分重要的地位。
[Abstract]:In the history of our country, politics, economy and culture rose to a new level in Tang Dynasty. As the scale of disaster bearing body continues to expand, the destructive effect of natural disaster becomes more and more obvious, and corresponding to it is the indomitable struggle of people against natural disasters, the most characteristic of which is that, It is also the mode of disaster relief that runs through most of the Tang Dynasty. In order to take a comprehensive view of the relief situation of the natural disasters in the Tang Dynasty, this paper intends to carry out the research from the following aspects: chapter one, background study, Mainly includes the Tang Dynasty natural disaster general situation and the duty dispatch question. In this chapter, we will use the method of data analysis to describe the frequency, location and time of major disasters and disasters, and to analyze the characteristics of relevant documents in disaster characteristics. In order to frame a political background, the regional characteristics of disasters are discussed in a general way. The second chapter is about the standard, scope and process. Emissary is a general measure in Tang Dynasty, even in the whole ancient society. It is a universal dispatch range to select envoys from the main official groups such as Lang official group, imperial history group and so on, among which there is a double standard of sending officials in the early stage and paying more attention to the official post in the later period. The main purpose of sending envoys is to restore the economy and maintain political stability. The direct dispatch of the emperor and the dispatch of the central authority are the two most intuitionistic dispatching methods. The third chapter focuses on the role of envoys in disasters. The main tasks of the court envoys can be summed up in two parts: to carry out the central court's decision in the disaster area and to assist local officials in handling the aftermath. Specifically, the main tasks are to convey the emperor's plan for saving compassionate care, to review the local disaster relief situation, and to provide relief to the affected areas. The above includes the main work of relief envoys, but in order to deal with emergencies in a timely manner, the court has given envoys the privilege to act cheaply. Allow envoys to handle local contingencies at any time. Chapter IV, the dispute and evaluation of disaster relief. The Tang Dynasty sent disaster relief measures from the original intention, both the legitimacy and flexibility of disaster relief, has a very obvious advantage, and through historical records, when the political clarity, Disaster relief measures do play a role in the settlement of the people, but in times of chaos, the effect is not obvious. It should also be noted that in terms of dispatch only, the envoys themselves have their own subjectivity, influenced by the political background, and the problem of inaction, all of which have a negative impact on the disaster relief effect. Although natural disasters in the Tang Dynasty, along with the extension of the economic scale, had caused enormous damage, and often overlapped with human factors such as war, corruption, and so on, measures such as emissaries made by the court often had their limitations. However, as a political means of disaster relief, disaster relief has a very important position in the history of our country.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K242
[Abstract]:In the history of our country, politics, economy and culture rose to a new level in Tang Dynasty. As the scale of disaster bearing body continues to expand, the destructive effect of natural disaster becomes more and more obvious, and corresponding to it is the indomitable struggle of people against natural disasters, the most characteristic of which is that, It is also the mode of disaster relief that runs through most of the Tang Dynasty. In order to take a comprehensive view of the relief situation of the natural disasters in the Tang Dynasty, this paper intends to carry out the research from the following aspects: chapter one, background study, Mainly includes the Tang Dynasty natural disaster general situation and the duty dispatch question. In this chapter, we will use the method of data analysis to describe the frequency, location and time of major disasters and disasters, and to analyze the characteristics of relevant documents in disaster characteristics. In order to frame a political background, the regional characteristics of disasters are discussed in a general way. The second chapter is about the standard, scope and process. Emissary is a general measure in Tang Dynasty, even in the whole ancient society. It is a universal dispatch range to select envoys from the main official groups such as Lang official group, imperial history group and so on, among which there is a double standard of sending officials in the early stage and paying more attention to the official post in the later period. The main purpose of sending envoys is to restore the economy and maintain political stability. The direct dispatch of the emperor and the dispatch of the central authority are the two most intuitionistic dispatching methods. The third chapter focuses on the role of envoys in disasters. The main tasks of the court envoys can be summed up in two parts: to carry out the central court's decision in the disaster area and to assist local officials in handling the aftermath. Specifically, the main tasks are to convey the emperor's plan for saving compassionate care, to review the local disaster relief situation, and to provide relief to the affected areas. The above includes the main work of relief envoys, but in order to deal with emergencies in a timely manner, the court has given envoys the privilege to act cheaply. Allow envoys to handle local contingencies at any time. Chapter IV, the dispute and evaluation of disaster relief. The Tang Dynasty sent disaster relief measures from the original intention, both the legitimacy and flexibility of disaster relief, has a very obvious advantage, and through historical records, when the political clarity, Disaster relief measures do play a role in the settlement of the people, but in times of chaos, the effect is not obvious. It should also be noted that in terms of dispatch only, the envoys themselves have their own subjectivity, influenced by the political background, and the problem of inaction, all of which have a negative impact on the disaster relief effect. Although natural disasters in the Tang Dynasty, along with the extension of the economic scale, had caused enormous damage, and often overlapped with human factors such as war, corruption, and so on, measures such as emissaries made by the court often had their limitations. However, as a political means of disaster relief, disaster relief has a very important position in the history of our country.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K242
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