北朝人口结构和人口政策研究

发布时间：2018-07-26 14:16

【摘要】：魏晋南北朝时期是我国历史上一个长期分裂和动荡的时期,这一时期以鲜卑族为主的少数民族崛起于北方,建立了与南朝各政权对峙的北朝。南北朝对峙期间混战不断,是人口的大变动时期。在北朝,人口结构和人口政策问题既是社会政治、经济、文化等方面的直接反映,人口政策中的尊奉高年也是鲜卑政权汉化的具体体现。北朝社会的性别结构和年龄结构是北朝人口结构的重要内容,首先,北朝社会存在男多女少的现象,其根本原因是封建社会男尊女卑的社会制度的存在,此外北朝一些生育思想和重视子嗣的思想也是造成男多女少的主要原因,北朝男女之间的高性别比对北朝社会的稳定以及人口的再生产都是极其不利的。其次,北朝社会上层属于老年型社会,孩童死亡率较低,老年人所占比重较大。主要原因是北朝社会上层地位较高,生活稳定,加之统治者赋予的各种特权和社会上尊老敬老的风气,都是这一年龄构成的主要原因。北朝人口政策的相关问题主要为人口增殖政策和尊奉高年政策两个部分。首先北朝时期的长期战乱和频发的自然灾害致使人口锐减,因此这一时期人口增殖成为北朝人口政策的主要内容。北朝的人口增殖政策包括鼓励早婚使男女适时婚配；赈灾济贫,减免刑罚,省赋役以育人口；放免奴婢和杂户；出赐宫女允其婚配；对官吏的褒奖措施以及禁止屠杀含孕等。其次,尊奉高年也是北朝人口政策的主要内容。本文关于这一部分的写作主要探讨北朝尊奉高年的社会背景及其具体内容。
[Abstract]:The period of Wei Jin Southern and Northern dynasties was a long period of division and turbulence in the history of our country. In this period the minorities mainly of the Xianbei nationality rose up in the north and established the Northern Dynasty which confronted the various regimes of the Southern Dynasty. During the confrontation between the Southern and Northern dynasties, continuous melee was a period of great change in population. In the Northern Dynasty, the population structure and population policy were not only the direct reflection of social politics, economy and culture, but also the concrete embodiment of Xianbei regime's Sinicization. The gender structure and the age structure of the Northern Dynasty society are the important contents of the population structure of the Northern Dynasty. Firstly, there exists the phenomenon of more men than fewer women in the Northern Dynasty society, the root cause of which is the existence of the feudal social system in which the male is superior to the female. In addition, the idea of bearing children and the thought of attaching importance to children in the Northern Dynasty were also the main reasons for the increase in the number of men and women. The high sex ratio between men and women in the Northern Dynasty was extremely disadvantageous to the stability of the society and the reproduction of the population in the Northern Dynasty. Secondly, the upper class of the Northern Dynasty belongs to the old society, the mortality rate of children is low and the proportion of the elderly is larger. The main reason is that the higher status of the upper class of the Northern Dynasty, the stability of life, together with the various privileges conferred by the rulers and the social atmosphere of respecting the old and respecting the elderly, are the main reasons for the composition of this age. The related problems of population policy in Northern Dynasty mainly include population multiplication policy and the policy of honoring the senior year. First of all, the long war and frequent natural disasters in the Northern Dynasty caused the population to decrease sharply, so the population multiplication became the main content of the population policy of the Northern Dynasty. The policy of population multiplication in the Northern Dynasty included encouraging early marriage and timely marriage between men and women; providing relief to the poor, reducing punishment, and giving away servitude to educate people; freeing slaves and miscellaneous households; granting marriage to women in the imperial palace; giving commendations to officials; and prohibiting the killing of pregnant women, and so on. Secondly, respecting the high year is also the main content of the population policy of the Northern Dynasty. This part mainly discusses the social background and specific contents of the Northern Dynasty.
【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：K239.2

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