私雇代役——宋代基层社会与朝廷役制的对话

发布时间：2018-07-27 19:41

【摘要】：宋代前期,民户为逃避职役重难,采取私自雇人代应州县役之法,朝廷对此屡禁不止。熙丰行雇役法后,以往的私雇代役人转换成为官雇役人,人数与专业性都得到发展。元yP时期朝廷试图恢复职役轮差之法,但承认私雇代役,于是州县役的代役人通过转换官雇、私雇,长期留于州县,渐与胥吏混同,使得衙前与州县役不再成为乡户之困,而乡役给民户带来的负担却随之突显,私雇代役现象遂有下移至乡役之势。至南宋时期,乡役雇值全被挪用,朝廷亦无法禁绝民户私下雇人代应保甲乡役,私雇代役由此成为南宋民户应对职役困苦的另一途径,且向义役渗透,这成为南宋官府安排职役时不得不考虑的重要因素,也成为后代职役雇役化的经验来源。
[Abstract]:In the early Song Dynasty, in order to avoid the civil service, the government took the law of hiring someone to serve the state and county service, and the court repeatedly prohibited it. After Xifeng employment law, the former private servant has been transformed into official servant, and the number and professionalism have been developed. During the Yuan Dynasty, the court tried to restore the law of service rotation, but admitted that they had been employed on behalf of private workers, so the conscripts of state and county service stayed in the state and county for a long time through the transfer of official employment, private employment, and gradually confused with petty officials, so that the government offices and state and county servitude were no longer difficult for rural households. However, the burden brought by rural servitude to the civilian households has been highlighted, and the phenomenon of private employment as substitute service has the tendency of moving down to the rural servitude. In the Southern Song Dynasty, the value of rural servitude was misappropriated, and the court could not forbid the private hiring of people to serve for Baojia, which became another way for civil servants in the Southern Song Dynasty to cope with the hardship of duty service, and infiltrated into the righteous service. This became an important factor to be considered in the arrangement of civil service in the Southern Song Dynasty, and also became the source of experience in the employment and servitude of future generations.
【作者单位】：中国人民大学历史学院;
【分类号】：K244

【相似文献】