从《名公书判清明集》看宋代妇女婚姻问题

发布时间：2018-08-14 15:56

【摘要】：婚姻问题作为中国古文化的一个重要领域,一直备受社会关注,而古代妇女的生活空间主要局限在婚姻中,婚姻问题便理所当然的成为其生活中一个重要方面。人们以往对宋代女性的印象,总认为她们大门不出、二门不迈,在家没有说话的地位,没有财产权,其实不然。本文以《名公书判清明集》为依托,考察宋代妇女的婚姻问题,进而探求形成这一问题的深刻根源,希望从中得出某些启示,为研究宋代婚姻中妇女的实际生活状况和真实地位提供借鉴。本文分三个部分。第一部分主要讨论两宋妇女的再嫁问题。妇女再嫁是非常自然的、普遍的,考诸史料也是不争的事实,有关妇女再嫁的记载不胜枚举。此部分从不同角度对其再嫁进行仔细剖析,首先我们必须肯定宋女再嫁普遍存在的事实,与此同时我们也要认识到宋女再嫁的背后藏在很多不为人知的因素,有待我们去仔细挖掘。第二部分是两宋妇女的财产权。无论是从父家获取财产,还是在夫家继管遗产,寡妇都有继产之实,说明妇女在家族和婚姻中都还享有一定的自由和权利。第三部分两宋妇女的家庭地位。宋代往往被看作是妇女地位下降的转折点。本部分则从支配妆奁、主持家政两方面考察了宋代妇女的家庭地位,我们必须承认她们在财产、婚姻方面仍有一定的权利,又不可对此估计过高。总之,虽然两宋是理学产生并逐渐确立的时代,但我们必须承认对理学的认识失之偏颇和断章取义,因为这些理论在当时社会上还没发挥太大的影响力,只是在理论和思想上显示着妇女地位的开始沦落。因此宋代妇女地位并不像有些学者们所说的那样急剧恶化,宋代也并不是妇女地位变化的转折点,如果说一定要给这一时期的妇女地位下一个断言,我们只能说这是一个妇女地位变化的过渡时期,它为以后明清时期妇女地位的狂落做了理论上的构建和铺垫而已。
[Abstract]:As an important field of Chinese ancient culture, marriage has always been concerned by the society. However, the living space of ancient women is mainly confined to marriage, so marriage becomes an important aspect of their life. People used to think of women in the Song Dynasty that they had no access to the door, no two doors, no status at home, no property rights, but it was not. Based on the Collection of Ming and Ming Dynasty, this paper investigates the marriage problems of women in Song Dynasty, and then explores the deep root of this problem, hoping to draw some enlightenment from it. In order to study the actual life of women in the Song Dynasty marriage and the real status of reference. This paper is divided into three parts. The first part mainly discusses the question of the remarriage of the two Song women. It is very natural and universal for women to remarry, and it is also an indisputable fact to inquire into historical data, and there are numerous records of women remarrying. This part makes a careful analysis of her remarriage from different angles. First of all, we must affirm the fact that it is common for women to remarry in Song Dynasty. At the same time, we must also realize that there are many unknown factors behind the remarriage of women in Song Dynasty. It is up to us to dig carefully. The second part is the property rights of women in Song Dynasty. Whether they acquire property from their father's family or from their husband's family, widows have a real status of inheritance, indicating that women also enjoy certain freedoms and rights in the family and in marriage. The third part is about the family status of women in Song Dynasty. The Song Dynasty was often seen as a turning point in the decline of the status of women. This part examines the family status of women in Song Dynasty from the aspects of dowry and housekeeping. We must admit that they still have certain rights in property and marriage, and we should not overestimate it. In short, although the Song Dynasty was an era of Neo-Confucianism, we must admit that the understanding of Neo-Confucianism was biased and out of context, because these theories did not play a great role in the society at that time. It is only in theory and thought that the status of women begins to fall. Therefore, the status of women in the Song Dynasty did not deteriorate as rapidly as some scholars have said, nor was the Song Dynasty a turning point in the changes in the status of women. We can only say that this is a transitional period of the change of the status of women, which made the theoretical construction and preparation for the collapse of the status of women in the Ming and Qing dynasties.
【学位授予单位】：华中科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：K244;C913.13

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