产权关系下的宋代土地细碎化研究

发布时间：2018-09-14 09:01

【摘要】：土地细碎化是指所有权形态下的土地呈现为小块、不连片的分布现象,并非自然物质现象的细碎化。隋唐之际土地细碎化现象开始出现,由于授田制的实施,上层贵族庄园连片,下层百姓的土地出现小块细碎化现象。到了两宋之际,土地细碎化逐渐成型,无论是官员还是百姓,拥有的土地都呈细碎化分布状态,最终形成了三种土地细碎化模式:即犬牙相错型、“宅”地分离与田地分离混合型、诡名寄产型。伴随着土地市场的成熟,土地买卖日趋活跃,导致地价不断被抬升。绝大部分人无力购买大块土地,便将土地拆分出售,而卖家也不愿祖先土地流落他方,为了度过难关,便将土地部分卖出,从而引起产权关系下的土地呈现细碎化分布。而分家析产,遵循着公平性的原则,导致在分割土地过程中,肥瘠土地被不断混搭,造成土地零散分布。随着大规模的人口增长,人均占有耕地数量在不断地被压缩,特别是两宋之后,主户比例在不断攀升,造成人均占有的耕地越来越不足,从而加速了土地细碎化的过程,种种因素导致产权关系下的土地,被人为地零星散布,其对政治经济的反作用,也牢牢地映射在当时人们的生活中。本文着重探讨土地细碎化的形成过程,以及诸多因素对土地碎片化所起的作用,讨论土地碎片化对两宋社会以及以后中国社会的影响。
[Abstract]:Land fragmentation refers to the distribution of small pieces of land in the form of ownership, which is not the subdivision of natural material phenomena. During the Sui and Tang dynasties, the phenomenon of land fragmentation began to appear, because of the implementation of the system of granting land, the upper aristocratic manor was connected with pieces, and the land of the lower people appeared small pieces of fragmentation. By the time of the Song Dynasty, the land had been gradually formed, no matter the officials or the common people, the land owned by them were all in the state of fineness and distribution, and finally formed three kinds of land fragmentation patterns: the canine tooth mismatch type. "House" land separation and field separation mixed type, name sent production type. With the maturity of the land market, land trading is becoming more and more active, resulting in land prices are constantly rising. Most people can not afford to buy large pieces of land, so they split up and sell the land, and sellers do not want their ancestral land to be displaced. In order to tide over the difficulties, they sell part of the land, thus causing the land under the property rights relationship to be fragmented and distributed. In the process of dividing the land, the fertilizer and barren land is continuously mixed up, resulting in the scattered distribution of the land. With the large-scale population growth, the amount of cultivated land occupied per capita has been continuously compressed. Especially after the Song Dynasty, the proportion of principal households has been rising, resulting in a growing shortage of cultivated land per capita, thus speeding up the process of land fragmentation. All kinds of factors lead to the land under property rights being scattered artificially, and its reaction to political economy is firmly reflected in people's life at that time. This paper focuses on the formation process of land fragmentation and the effect of many factors on land fragmentation, and discusses the influence of land fragmentation on the society of Song Dynasty and later China.
【学位授予单位】：上海师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K244

【相似文献】